Planes and Directions
What is the midsagittal plane?
This plane symmetrically divides the brain into left and right hemispheres
What is the occipital lobe?
This lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing
Which are mixed nerves?
Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) are considered mixed nerves
What is a stimulus?
This is an external or internal event that triggers the reflex.
What is ischemia?
This term refers to reduced blood flow to brain tissue, often due to a partial blockage of an artery.
What is the transverse (or horizontal) plane?
This plane divides the brain horizontally into an upper and lower section
What is the frontal lobe?
This lobe contains Broca’s area, which plays a vital role in language production.
Which are sensory nerves?
Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Vestibularocochlear (VIII) are considered sensory nerves.
What is a receptor?
This is a specialized sensory cell that detects the stimulus and converts it into an electrical signal
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
This type of stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and leaks blood into the surrounding tissue.
What is the frontal (or coronal) plane?
This plane divides the brain into anterior and posterior sections.
What is the temporal lobe?
This lobe contains Wernicke’s area, which plays an important role in language comprehension.
Which are motor nerves?
Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII) are considered motor nerves.
What are sensory neurons?
Neurons that bring the message to the brain and spinal cord.
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
This progressive disease affects upper and lower motor neurons, leading to weakness, muscle wasting, and eventual paralysis.
What is superficial?
This term describes structures that are located closer to the surface of the brain.
What is the parietal lobe?
This lobe is responsible for processing sensory input.
Which cranial nerves are located in the midbrain, medulla, and pons?
Midbrain- III, IV
Medulla- IX, X, XI, XII
Pons- V, VI, VII, VIII
What are motor neurons?
Neurons that send the response back out to the body.
What is deep brain stimulation?
This treatment uses surgically implanted electrodes to deliver electrical impulses to deep brain structures to help control movement symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.
What is deep?
This term describes structures that are located further inside the brain.
What are the frontal and temporal lobes?
These 2 lobes of the brain an SLP should be most familiar with
What are cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII responsible for?
These cranial nerves are responsible for speech and hearing
Name all the components that make up an Neuron.
Nucleus, Soma, Dendrite, Axon, Axon Terminal, Myelin Sheath, Schwaan Cell, Node of River.
What is the middle cerebral artery?
This artery supplies Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, and much of the lateral surface of the hemispheres, making it essential for speech and language.