Mutation
What is the term given to something that causes a mutation?
Mutagen
Give an example of a chemical mutagen.
Examples of ingested chemicals or environmental poisons/irritants
Which classical biotechnology was discovered by Louis Pasteur?
Fermentation
AI stands for
Artificial insemination
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
What is an example of a biological mutagen?
Products of metabolism, transposons, microbes
What type of radiation causes mutations?
Ionising radiation
What is the term given to DNA made up from more than one species?
Recombinant DNA
What is the purpose of PCR?
Provide a use of transgenic organisms in medicine.
study of diseases, production of vaccines, insulin production, production of blood clotting factor, growing of human organs
What makes a nonsense mutation?
insertion of a stop codon
What happens in a point mutation?
change to a single base pair.
Provide 3 benefits of using biotechnology in agriculture.
increasing yields, nutritional value, resistance to disease, improve quality, economic gains
What is the name of the process that produces identical copies of one gene?
Gene cloning
What is the name of the mice that are used to study disease like Parkinson's
Knock-out mice
Changes in chromosome number
What is meant by the term non-disjunction?
When chromosomes don't separate and move to the poles or failure to separate
When analysing social and ethical implications of biotechnologies, the following should be considered:
medical and health benefits, financial and social justice issues, animal and human rights and what else?
effects on the environment.
What is the name given to the process of inserting a copy of a healthy gene into defective non-germline tissue?
Gene therapy
Which is not a method for inserting genes into organisms?
microinjection, electrophoresis, biolistics, vectors
electrophoresis
How does an inversion chromosomal mutation differ from a duplication chromosomal mutation.
Inversion - where DNA is removed and turned around - reading back to front.
Duplication - DNA is copied and inserted into chromosome
Which type of mutation does not cause a change in the amino acid formed?
Silent mutations
What is CRISPR-Cas9
Enzyme used to snip DNA
What are MAB's?
Monoclonal antibodies - artificial cloned antibody producing cells designed to target specific antigens.
What is one way genetic technologies can be used in industry?
production of enzymes in food and dairy production, brewing, engineering plants, bacteria to absorb heavy metals, renewable products, environmentally friendly chemicals