Types of Mutations
This type of mutation results from a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.
What is a point mutation?
This type of radiation, commonly associated with sun exposure, can cause thymine dimers in DNA.
What is ultraviolet (UV) radiation?
This scientist is often credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, which laid the groundwork for modern biotechnology.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
This species of fish was genetically modified to grow faster by inserting a gene for a growth hormone.
What is the AquAdvantage salmon?
A mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the coding sequence, often resulting in a truncated protein, is known as this type.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This type of mutation results from errors during DNA replication, particularly when the DNA polymerase inserts incorrect bases.
What is a replication error?
This 1972 technique involves joining DNA molecules from different sources, creating the first recombinant DNA.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
This genetically modified plant was the first to be commercially available with resistance to herbicides, specifically glyphosate.
What is Roundup Ready soybeans?
This mutation type causes a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code due to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three.
What is a frameshift mutation?
hese naturally occurring, high-energy particles can cause double-strand breaks in DNA, potentially leading to cancer if not repaired correctly.
What ionising radiation?
This technique, developed in 1983, allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences, revolutionizing molecular biology.
What is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
This type of transgenic animal was developed to produce a human therapeutic protein in its milk, such as antithrombin.
What is a transgenic goat?
This type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein and is often considered neutral.
What is a silent mutation
These chemicals are known to increase the mutation rate by causing transitions or transversions in DNA.
What are chemical mutagens?
This 1990 project aimed to map all the genes in the human genome and was completed in 2003, representing a major milestone in biotechnology.
What is the Human Genome Project?
This genetically modified species of rice, designed to produce high levels of beta-carotene, aims to address vitamin A deficiency.
What is Golden Rice?
This term describes a mutation that affects the overall structure of chromosomes, such as duplications, deletions, and inversions.
What is a chromosomal mutation?
This type of biological agent can cause mutations by integrating its DNA into the host genome, potentially disrupting gene function.
What are retroviruses?
This 1997 landmark event involved the cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, marking a significant achievement in biotechnology.
What is the cloning of Dolly the sheep?
This genetically modified species of crop is engineered to produce its own insecticide, derived from a bacterium.
What is Bt corn or Bt cotton?