Bonds
What type of bond is created between 2 atoms that have the same electronegativity
Non-polar covalent
What is the description of the primary level of protein folding
the sequence of amino acids
What is the structure of an unsaturated phospholipid
Bent hydrocarbon tail (non-polar) and a polar phosphate head
what is the role of the nucleus
store genetic information DNA
What is the first law of thermo dynamics
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
How many double bonds can a single carbon atom make
2
What functional groups never change in the amino acid structure
Amino group and Carboxyl group
What factors effect the fluidity of the plasma membrane
Temp, Cholesterol, amount of Unsaturated vs Saturated.
Where are phospholipids made in the cell
Smooth ER
What do anabolic and catabolic pathways do
Anabolic builds (ie, marcomolecules like polypeptide chains)
Catabolic destroys( breaking down glucose)
When you put NaCl in water what bonds are broken and how are they broken
Ionic Bonds are broken by the partial charges separating the anion and cation by charge
What type of bond holds together amino acids in the primary sequence
Peptide bond
What happens to a blood cell in a hypertonic solution
It will shrink due to water exiting the cell
What organelle detoxifies the cell and breaks down hydrogen peroxide
In which reaction are do the products have more energy than the reactants
Endergonic reactions
Why is water a good universal solvent
Hydrogen bonding and Polar
Tertiary
Describe the difference between Diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
ie, does it use energy, high to low low to high, Protein needed)
Diffusion- No protein needed, high to low, no energy needed
Facilitated diffusion- Protein needed, High to low, No energy needed,
Active transport- Protein needed, Low to high, Energy needed
when we fast what organelle helps cleanse the cell
Lysosome
What type of bonding does the alpha helices use in secondary level of protein folding
Intra-hydrogen bonding
What are the consequences when an R group is changed in the primary sequence.
Protein folding in the next levels are disrupted and can change the conformation of the protein.
The sodium potassium ATPase pumps how much of sodium and potassium each cycle. Which Ions get pumped into the cell and which gets pumped out.
3 Na+ out 2 K+ in
Ribosomes on the Rough ER
What bonds are strongest and which are the weakest.
Out of the covalent bonds
Non-polar most potential energy and weakest
Polar least potential energy and the strongest.