FLUIDS
ELECTROLYTES
TPN AND PPN
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
DIET IN RENAL DISEASE
100
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
What ARE THE INTERSTITIAL, INTRAVASCULAR, LYMPH, AND TRANSCELLULAR FLUIDS CALLED?
100
POTASSIUM AND SODIUM AND CHLORIDE.
What ARE THE ELECTROLYTES THAT REGULATES ACID-BALANCE?
100
IATROGENIC MALNUTRITION
What is THE TERM USED FOR MALNUTRITION CAUSED BY HOSPITAL RELATED TREATMENTS?
100
UREA, CREATININE, URIC ACID, URATES, AND UNDESIRABLE AMOUNTS OF CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, SODIUM, AND HYDROGEN IONS.
What ARE THE SUBSTANCES FILTERED FROM THE KIDNEYS?
200
AQUAPORINS
What is THE NAME OF WATER TRANSPORT PROTEINS
200
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM PUMPS
What ARE THE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS THAT USE ENERGY TO ACTIVELY TRANSPORT IONS IN AND OUT OF CELLS?
200
ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING IS THE MEANS OF FEEDING OF AN APPROPRIATE FORMULA OR LIQUID VIA A TUBE TO A CLIENT'S GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. PARENTERAL IS ANY INTRAVENOUS ROUTE.
What is THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL TUBE FEEDING?
200
TO LOSE 1 POUND OF BODY FAT PER WEEK, AN INDIVIDUAL MUST EAT 500 KILOCALORIES FEWER PER DAY THAN HIS OR HER BODY EXPENDS FOR 7 DAYS. THIS PRINCIPLE IS THE SAME TO GAIN WEIGHT.
What is THE FIVE-HUNDRED RULE?
200
TRAUMA, INFECTIONS BIRTH DEFECTS, MEDICATIONS, CHRONIC DISEASE (E.G. ATHERSCLEROSIS, DIABETES, HYPTENSION), TOXIC METAL CONSUMPTION,
What ARE SOME OF THE CAUSES OF RENAL DISEASE?
300
HYPOTHYROIDISM HEART FAILURE SEVERE PROTEIN DEFICIENCY SOME KIDNEY CONDITIONS
What is SOME OF THE CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE EDEMA IN THE BODY
300
ALDOSTERONE, SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS, WORKS BY CAUSING SODIUM IONS TO BE RETURNED TO THE BLOODSTREAM BY THE KIDNEYS. SODIUM IS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL EXTRACELLULAR ION, IT PULLS WATER WITH IT.
WHICH HORMONE HAS AN INFLUENCE ON WATER-BALANCE IN THE BODY AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
300
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
What is THE VEIN THAT IS USED FOR TPN (TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION)
300
1. MULTIPLY WEIGHT IN POUNDS BY 703. 2. MULTIPLY HEIGHT IN INCHES BY HEIGHT IN INCHES 3. DIVIDE THE PRODUCT OF STEP 1 BY THE PRODUCT OF STEP 2. FOR EXAMPLE, FOR A 150-POUND PERSON WHO IS 5 FT 7 IN. OR 67 INCHES TALL: 1. 150 X 703 = 105,450 2. 67 X 67 = 4489 3. 105,450 DIVIDED BY 4489 = 23
What ARE THE STEPS IN CALCULATING BMI?
300
SODIUM DEPLETION BECAUSE THE KIDNEYS LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO REABSORB SODIUM IN THE TUBULE. SYMPTOMS ARE: A REDUCTION IN RENAL BLOOD FLOW, DEHYDRATION, LETHARGY, DECREASED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR), UREMIA, DETERIORATION.
What is THE FIRST SIGN OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE? WHY? WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
400
GIVES SHAPE AND FORM TO CELLS MAINTAIN BLOOD VOLUME AND BLOOD PRESSURE HELPS FORM THE STRUCTURE OF LARGE MOLECULES SERVES AS A LUBRICANT AND A SOLVENT HELPS REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE TRANSPORTS NUTRIENTS TO AND WASTE AWAY FROM THE CELLS IS A MEDIUM AND PARTICIPANT IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
What is THE FUNCTIONS OF WATER
400
5% GLUCOSE AND 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE.
What ARE THE TWO COMMONLY ADMINISTERED ISOTONIC INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS?
400
INTACT OR POLYMERIC FORMULA. ENSURE, BOOST, JEVITY, AND NUTREN REPLETE.
WHICH TYPE OF FORMULA IS USED FOR A CLIENT THAT HAS A FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT? WHAT ARE SOME OF THE BRANDS?
400
IT IS MEASURED BR HOW MUCH BLOO GLUCOS LEVEL INCREASES AFTER CONSUMPTION OF A CERTAIN FOOD. WHITE BREAD GLUCOSE 138 HONEY 126 CORNFLAKES 121 BAKED POTATO 121 OATMEAL 85 PLUM 34
HOW IS GLYCEMIC INDEX MEASURED? WHAT ARE A FEW OF THE HIGH GLYCEMIC FOODS?
400
CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CAPD) AND CONTINUOUS CYCLING PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CCPD). THE BLOOD LEVELS OF THE CLIENT: SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CREATININE, AND NITROGEN STAY WITHIN A MORE STABLE RANGE AND ALLOW FOR A MORE LIBERAL DIET THEN HEMODIALYSIS. LARGE SHIFTS IN FLUID BALANCE ARE ALSO AVOIDED.
What ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS? WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OVER HEMODIALYSIS
500
WATER INTOXICATION
What is EXCESSIVE WATER THROUGHOUT THE BODY
500
OSMOLARITY
What is THE MEASURE OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE EXERTED BY THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES PER VOLUME OF LIQUID?
500
A SLOW START A STRICT SCHEDULE CLOSE MONITORING INSTRUCTIONS FOR INCREASING THE VOLUME MAINTENANCE OF A CONSTANT RATE INSTRUCTIONS FOR A SLOW WITHDRAWAL
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE STEPS FOR MONITORING TPN SOLUTIONS?
500
BLOOD SUGAR ABOVE 140 MG/DI S/S - DEHYDRATION, BLURRED VISION, WEIGHT LOSS, FATIGUE, MUSCLE WASTING, CRAMPS, THE THREE P'S POLYUREA, POLYDIPSIA, AND POLYPHAGIA. CAUSES: DEFICIENCY OF INSULIN, EXCESSIVE CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE, HORMONE IMBALANCES, STRESS, LIVER DISEASE, HEAD INJURY, STEROIDS, ANESTHESIA, TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY
WHAT THE BLOOD SUGAR VALUES THAT INDICATE HYPERGLYCEMIA, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES?
500
CALORIES (KCAL/KG PER DAY) PROTEIN (GRAMS /KG PER DAY) FAT (PERCENT TOTAL KCAL) SODIUM (MG/DAY) POTASSIUM (MG/DAY) CALCIUM (MG/DAY) PHOSPORUS (MG/DAY) FLUID (ML/DAY)
WHAT ARE THE MAIN NUTRIENTS TO BE MONITORED IN A CLIENT WITH RENAL DISEASE?
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