Modules 1 & 2
This 1974 report shifted Canadian health policy from a biomedical to a holistic, prevention-focused approach.
What is the Lalonde Report?
What is the first step in health promotion program planning?
Select a priority and create a Priority Action Statement based on assessment data
Define social marketing in the context of community health.
The application of commercial marketing principles to influence voluntary behavior for improved health and social well-being.
What is cultural safety?
Providing care that respects a person’s culture and recognizes the effects of power, racism, and colonization.
What is harm reduction?
Helping people stay safer while using substances instead of expecting them to quit right away.
What are the three dimensions of community health used to assess overall well-being?
Status, structure, and process.
List three principles of population health promotion that focus on equity and evidence.
Taking action on determinants of health, engaging citizens meaningfully, and basing decisions on evidence.
Differentiate between health disparities and health inequities.
Disparities are measurable differences in outcomes; inequities are those differences judged to be unfair, unjust, and avoidable.
How has colonization affected Indigenous health?
It caused trauma, loss of land, and broken families, which led to poorer health outcomes.
Give two examples of harm-reduction programs.
Needle exchanges and supervised consumption sites.
Distinguish between Primary Care and Primary Health Care as defined by the World Health Organization.
Primary care delivers individual clinical services, whereas primary health care is an integrated approach addressing population-level prevention, equity, and intersectoral collaboration.
What questions are used in the Health Impact Assessment Framework to prioritize community issues?
How severe is the threat? How many are affected? Are resources and capacity adequate? Can it be addressed within a reasonable timeframe?
Give an example of a Canadian social marketing campaign and its health goal.
Health Canada’s “End Stigma” campaign to increase awareness of opioid use and reduce stigma toward substance users.
Name one Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Call to Action related to health.
Call 23: Increase Indigenous health-care workers, or Call 24: Require cultural training for all health professionals.
What does trauma-informed care mean?
Understanding that many people have experienced trauma and making care safe, respectful, and non-judgmental.
When classifying data, what do background, concern, and strength categories represent?
Background = contextual info; Concern = identified health issue or risk; Strength = existing asset or resource.
Describe empowerment and community participation as central principles in community development.
Empowerment gives communities control over decisions affecting them; participation ensures members’ knowledge, skills, and experiences guide solutions.
Describe the harm-reduction approach in mental health and substance use.
Focuses on minimizing risks and harms rather than demanding abstinence, emphasizing health promotion and social support.
What is the difference between cultural awareness and cultural humility?
Awareness means knowing about other cultures; humility means reflecting on your own biases and learning from others.
What is a nurse’s ethical duty when caring for someone who uses substances?
Treat them with dignity, respect, and fairness—just like any other patient.
Describe the upstream, midstream, and downstream perspectives in public health nursing and give an example of each.
Upstream—policy to reduce poverty; midstream—community nutrition programs; downstream—hospital-based treatment for illness.
Identify and explain the three levels of evaluation used in community projects.
Process evaluation (implementation quality), Impact evaluation (short-term behavioral/environmental change), Outcome evaluation (long-term health improvement).
Explain how social marketing can support long-term behavior change and health equity.
By tailoring messages to specific populations, reinforcing them through repeated exposure, and addressing social and environmental barriers to sustained change.
How can nurses show respect and partnership when working with Indigenous communities?
By listening to community voices, working with Elders, and supporting Indigenous-led decisions.
Why is stigma and criminalization a problem in substance use care?
It makes people afraid to ask for help and increases harm instead of reducing it.