Define It #1
extended family group or clan; basic foundation of Incan society
mita
System of organized labor used by the Incan Empire; Members of each ayllu would contribute to public works projects, serve in the military, etc.
They created decentralized city-states. Mesoamerican terrain made it difficult to keep in regular contact/communication.
Which of the following was primarily a writer?
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Castiglione, Raphael
Castiglione - Wrote The Courtier, about how to be a Renaissance man/woman
How did the Renaissance spread from Italy?
Italian artists/writers/scholars left Italy and influenced intellectual movements in Europe. Some Dutch, German, and other northern European figures of the Renaissance had lived and studied in Italy as well.
Inventor of the movable type printing press; first to bring printing technology into Europe
skepticism
Process of examining what you think; Challenging assumptions; Not accepting an idea immediately without analyzing it
Mayans, Aztecs, Incans: Who used human sacrifice the most?
The Aztecs
Which of these people were patrons of the arts?
Francisco Petrarch, Lorenzo de Medici, Isabella d'Este, Giovanni Boccaccio
Lorenzo de Medici and Isabella d'Este
What did Christian humanists hope for with their works?
They wanted to encourage education, both secular and religious. They wanted the Church to be less corrupt and for ceremony to be less important during worship.
City run by the powerful Medici family during the 1400s.
vernacular
The native spoken language in a given area; Renaissance writers started writing in them as opposed to only writing works in Latin.
What did Incan ayllus provide under the mita system?
Crops, men able to work, sometimes priests/priestesses for their religion, and occasionally they used human sacrifice for religious purposes.
What is one element that perspective provides to a painting?
It provides the effect of a 3D image on a two dimensional surface.
What advantage did European languages have when it came to efficiency in printing?
The Latin-based alphabets were easy to use for movable type printing.
glyph
Symbols used to write the Mayan alphabet
Montezuma II
The leader of the Aztecs from 1502-1521. He died and the Spanish were able to take control of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital.
Why was Quetzalcoatl important when the Spanish arrived?
The myth of Quetzalcoatl said that when he returned he would have a beard and pale skin, which resembled the Spanish conquistadors at that time.
That a ruler should be practical and that his actions should be based on how he can exercise his power, not on how to be a virtuous ruler for his subjects.
Which French writer was one of the first feminists to advocate for equal education and treatment for boys and girls?
Christine de Pizan
humanism
focus on mankind's potential and achievements; Renaissance intellectual movement focusing on the secular over the religious
Atahualpa
The Incan emperor who was kidnapped and murdered by Spanish conquistadors.
What did the Incans use in order to keep track of the amount of goods their artisans produced? Crops farmers produced? Soldiers they needed?
quipu - the knotted strings used to record numbers
In terms of education and patronage, what was expected of an upper class Renaissance woman?
She was expected to have been educated in the classics, to some extent, and she could be a patron of the arts. Apart from that, upper class women weren't expected to have much of a role in public life.
The Dutch scholar Erasmus criticized the Church and Christians he viewed as ignorant in ____________.
The Praise of Folly