Module 26
What is the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
Learning
what is is any event that strengthens the behavior it is responding to
reinforcer
what is administering an aversive stimulus
Positive punishment
what is a sudden realization of a problem’s solution
insight
What is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Modeling
form when we repeat behaviors in a given context after 66 days
Habitual behaviors
what is any stimulus presented after a response that strengthens it, and negative reinforcer is any stimulus that when removed after a response, strengthens it
Positive reinforcer
What is withdrawing a rewarding stimulus
Negative punishment
what is a biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival value
Prepardness
what is learning by observing others, also called social learning
Observational learning
what is learning that certain events occur together
Associative learning
what is an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
ex-
Food: satisfies hunger
Sleep: satisfies the need to rest
Primary Reinforcer
Which schedule is this
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals; produces slow, steady responding
Variable-interval schedule
what is the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
Self control
what is positive, constructive, helpful behavior; opposite of antisocial behavior
Prosocial behavior
What is the stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus elicit similar responses, or responses learned in one situation occur in other similar situations
Stimulus generalization
What is a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer
ex-
Money: no biological need, but can be used to get food, water etc
Conditioned/secondary Reinforcer
which schedule is this
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specified time has elapsed; produces a choppy stop-start pattern rather than a steady rate of response
Fixed-interval schedule
what is the perception that we control our own fate; people with this have achieved more in school and work, acted more independently, enjoyed better health, and felt less depressed
Internal locus of control
what is a prosocial and antisocial effects
Applications
what is the ability to distinguish responses that are reinforced from similar responses that are not reinforced
Operant conditioning
What is in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses; will pause only briefly after a reinforcer before returning to a high rate of responding
Fixed-ratio schedule
which schedule is this
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses; produces high rates of responding
Variable-ratio schedule
What is the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Learned helplessness
what is the frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so (discovered during monkey experiments)
Mirror neurons