Angina and CAD
This medication class prevents platelet aggregation and reduces risk of stent occlusion.
Antiplatelet medications (aspirin, clopidogrel)
First-line medication class for hyperlipidemia.
Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)
First-line treatment for orthostatic hypotension.
Midodrine
Class I antiarrhythmics block this ion channel.
Sodium channels
Oral anticoagulant affected by vitamin K intake.
Warfarin
First-line antibiotic for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)CBC with differential
First-line for acute asthma relief.
Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol)
Common side effect of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Hypotension
Statins may cause this rare but dangerous side effect.
Rhabdomyolysis
Goal of treating hypertensive emergency.
Reduce MAP by about 25% in minutes to hour
Adenosine is first-line for this rhythm.
Fast narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)
Medication class preventing coronary stent occlusion.
Antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel)
Most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Long-term asthma control.
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
Beta-blockers decrease this myocardial factor to reduce oxygen demand.
Heart rate and contractility
This drug lowers cholesterol absorption in the small intestine.
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
First-line medication class for most patients with hypertension.
Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)
Dangerous side effect of verapamil and diltiazem.
Worsening of heart failure
Fibrinolytics activate this molecule to dissolve clots.
Plasminogen → plasmin
Treatment for acute bronchitis caused by viruses.
Supportive care (fluids, rest, antipyretics); no antibiotics
LABA must always be combined with this in asthma.
ICS (e.g., formoterol + budesonide)
Digoxin slows AV node conduction and increases calcium influx, improving this cardiac function.
Contractility (positive inotrope)
PCSK9 inhibitors are administered this way.
By injection (subcutaneous)
This drug class should be avoided during pregnancy.
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
Amiodarone should be avoided in patients with what comorbidities?
Lung or liver disease
This medication increases fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in sickle cell anemia but requires CBC monitoring.
Hydroxyurea
This intranasal corticosteroid treats allergic rhinitis by reducing inflammation.
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Asthma action plans are individualized based on what main factor?
Patient-specific triggers and symptom patterns.
These CCB effects lower myocardial oxygen demand
↓ preload, ↓ afterload, ↓ HR, ↓ contractility
Statins should be avoided during this condition.
Pregnancy
Mechanism by which calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure.
Vasodilation and decreased cardiac contractility
Mechanism of digoxin.
Slows SA/AV conduction; increases intracellular calcium
Heparin is preferred in this patient population.
Pregnancy (does not cross placenta)
This medication may be used for severe cough in bronchitis but not routinely.
Short course of corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
First-line treatment for COPD exacerbation if hypoxic.
Supplemental oxygen
In CAD, which drug classes decrease mortality?
Beta-blockers and statins
Monitoring for this lab abnormality is key when on statins
Elevated liver enzymes (LFTs)
Which antihypertensive class can worsen orthostatic hypotension when combined with midodrine, and why?
Alpha-blockers (e.g., doxazosin) — both affect alpha receptors, leading to exaggerated BP changes.
Side effect of metoprolol that may appear on ECG.
Heart block
This erythropoietin-stimulating agent increases RBC production in CKD but should be stopped if Hgb exceeds 11 g/dL.
Epoetin alfa
This antiviral may be used only in severe RSV infections and requires close monitoring.
Ribavirin
Key teaching point for inhaled steroids.
Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral infection