Gene expression
This process involves the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.
Transcription
In which specific phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
2
How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?
2
This type of mutation involves a single nucleotide change.
Point mutation
Which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
mRNA
What enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
In which type of cells does mitosis occur?
Somatic cells
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4
This type of mutation results in a premature stop codon.
Nonsense mutation
What is the name for the sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
Codon
Which strand is synthesised continuously in the same direction as the replication fork?
Leading strand
Name the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over
This type of mutation does not affect the amino acid sequence.
Synonymous mutation
The region of a gene where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
Promoter
In which direction does DNA polymerase III synthesise the new DNA strand?
5' to 3'
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate
The process that ensures each gamete receives a unique combination of alleles.
Independent assortment
Frameshift mutation
RNA processing in eukaryotes involves these three processes.
1. Addition of a 5' cap
2. Addition of a poly-A tail
3. Splicing of introns
What is the function of DNA polymerase I?
To replace the RNA primer with DNA
Which cellular structure reforms during telophase?
Nuclear membrane
The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis.
Non-disjunction
What type of chromosomal abnormality occurs in Down syndrome?
Trisomy 21