Deletion is when one base is removed causing a frame shift mutation
What is deletion?
100
DNA replicate itself to prepare for cell division
Why does DNA need to replicate itself?
100
The DNA is in a double helix shape.
What is the shape of DNA?
100
The process of copying an RNA molecule by copying a sequence of DNA
What is transcription?
100
Watson and Crick made the double helix model.
What did Watson and Crick do?
200
A frame shift is when one base is deleted or inserted into the DNA base sequence causing a shift.
What is a frame shift?
200
Replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule
Define replication.
200
Rosalind Franklin discovered the chromosome's shape
Who discovered that the chromosomes were in a spiral structure? (The X shape)
200
The two types of RNA are...
mRNA - messenger RNA, it goes outside of the nucleus and goes into the ribosome
tRAN - transfer RNA, it carries the anit-codon
What are the two types of RNA and what do they do?
200
Chargaff's rule is...
A=T
G=C
What is Chargaff's rule?
300
A point mutation are changes in one or a few nucleotides occurring in a single point in the DNA.
What is point mutation?
300
The differences between DNA and RNA are...
1) RNA has ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
2) RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine.
3) RNA has one backbone while DNA has two
4) Rna can be found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm while the DNA can only be found in the nucleus
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
300
Watson and Crick created the model for the DNA structure.
Who created a model for the DNA structure?
300
Translation is when ribosomes read the instruction of mRNA and assemble the polypeptide chains that result from coding the mRNA.
What is translation?
300
Rosalind Franklin found the structure of chromosomes through x-rays.
What did Rosiland Franklin do?
400
The three types of point mutations are...
Silent mutation - nothing changes
Mis-sense mutation - changes the mutation it codes for
Nonsense mutation - causes premature stop codon making the protein incomplete
What are the three point mutations and what do they do?
400
Replication ensures that each resulting cell will have a complete set o DNA molecules. Each strand serves as a template or a model for a new strand. Each molecule, resulting from replication has one new strand and one old strand.
What does replication ensure?
400
A nucleotide is made up of 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, a phosphate group.
What makes up a nucleotide?
400
the steps of protein synthesis are...
1) Transcription
2) mRNA leaves nucleus and goes into the ribosome
3) Translation
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
400
ATCGTAGCTAG turning into ATCCGTACTAG is a frame shift mutation (insertion).
What is the mutation that occurs in this sequence?
ATCGTAGCTAG
ATCCGTAGCTAG
500
ATGCTTCGAGT turning into ATGGTTCGAGT is a point mutation (substitution).
What kind of mutation is this? Be specific.
ATGCTTCGAGT
ATGGTTCGAGT
500
The steps of replication are...
1) Weak hydrogen bonds are broken (UNZIPPIE)
2) The two strands unwind
3) DNA polymerase bonds individual nucleotides and proofreads that a perfect copy is made.
What are the steps of replication?
500
The function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information to pass on from one generation to another.
What is the function of DNA?
500
The tRNA Anticodon sequence is UGC
What is the tRNA anticodon of the following?
Original:
TGC
500
ATGCTAGTCGAT turning into ATCTAGTCGAT is a frame shift mutation (deletion).