Overview
Overview
Overview
Overview
PCR
100
What is the 3', 5' phosphodiester bond?
The phosphate group links the 3' carbon atom of one sugar to the 5' carbon of the next sugar
100
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

(Replication) DNA-->(Transcription)-->RNA-->(Translation)-->Protein

100
Why is primase needed in chain growth of DNA replication?

It is an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers required to start (prime) DNA synthesize

100
Where does protein synthesis take place on?
Ribosomes
100
What are the 4 steps in PCR amplification process?
1) Extract


2) Add mastermix

3) Thermocycle

4) Detect w/ electrophoresis 

200
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA: stores genetic information to be copied and transmitted to daughter cells


RNA: carries genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis

200
What are the steps of DNA replication?
1) DNA is denatured by helicase


2) 2 single strands used as templates for new strands

3)DNA polymerase forms new strands

200
What do DNA Ligase's do in the synthesis of DNA?
It catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bonds
200
Define gene
Ordered sequence of nucleotides on chromosomes that translates to a specific function
200
Reverse primer binds to what strand?

Forward primer binds to what strand?

Reverse 5'

Forward: 3'

300
Which way is the new strand synthesized in DNA replication?
5' to 3'
300
What is the purpose of molecuar testing in the clinical lab?
Detection of polymorphisms, identify humans/microbes, detect inherited diseases, classify neoplasms, and tissue type
300
Which way does the leading strand get synthesized?
Synthesized 3' to 5' 
300
What is rRNA?
It is required for protein synthesis
300
What process is used to obtain the DNA template?
Extraction
400
What is the difference between the nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA?
DNA: A, C, G, T

RNA: A, C, G, U

400
How many hydrogen bonds are between C and G? How many hydrogen bonds are between T and A?
C and G: 3 bonds

T and A: 2 bonds

400
What are the 3 kinds of RNA that the laboratory focus most on?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
400
Codons translate to ______? 
Amino acids
400
What are the 3 steps of thermocycling and purpose of each? What is the temperature of each step and explain why this temperature is neede
1) denaturing: Heat to 90 C in order to break into single strands


2) Annealing: Cool to below TM (50-60 C) in order to bind to primers to the sequence on template

3) Polymerization: Heat to 70 C to allow TAQ to polymerize nucleotides 

500
Where is DNA found? Where is RNA found?
DNA: nucleus

RNA: cytoplasm 

500
What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?
Nucleotide: base+sugar+phosphate

Nucleoside: base+sugar

500
Which direction is the lagging strand synthesized in?
Synthesized 5' to 3'
500
What is tRNA used for?
Used by ribosomes to read mRNA
500
What are the 4 components in the MasterMix and what is the purpose of each?
Primers (defines target sequence)


Polymerase (adds nucleotides to strands)

Nucleiotides (needed to make the strand)

Buffers (designed specifically for your specific sample)

M
e
n
u