Replication
In what direction is DNA replicated?
5'-to-3'
When going from DNA to RNA - what are the following bases going to pair with?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
What are the four bases involved in translation?
A, U, G, C.
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
What type of bonds hold DNA bases together?
Hydrogen Bonds
Who was the scientist who worked with pea plants and established the dominant and recessive theory of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
What structure does DNA form during replication
Replication Fork
Does RNA have coding and non-coding regions?
Yes.
What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG = Methionine
Who were the two scientists who worked on photograph 51?
Franklin and Wilkins
Who discovered the enzyme Ligase?
Tsuneko Okazaki
How many origin of replications exist in human DNA?
Thousands - which serve to speed up DNA synthesis because of the larger amount of genetic material
What enzyme is used in transcription
What are the bases in a tRNA molecule called?
anticodons
What are the three parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate group, Sugar, Base
Using Chargaff's rules give the %s of all bases:
Cytosine - 11%
Cytosine - 11%
Guanine - 11%
Adenine - 39%
Thymine - 39%
If DNA is replicated in the 5'-to-3' direction, what would be the orientation of the template strand?
3'-to-5'
One and Three
What are the letters of the three sites on a ribosome during translation that tRNA are used in? (Hint: just letter answers)
A, P and E sites.
What are the two pyrimidine bases?
Cytosine and Thymine
Pyrimidines have "y" in them...
Describe Transformation.
The intake of DNA which influences gene expression and may be an ultimate addition to a genome in certain species
What are the 4 enzymes we have covered in class that act on DNA during replication?
Helicase, DNA Polymerase, Ligase, Telomerase
What type of DNA or RNA is a ribosome made of?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
In humans, mRNA has "tags" on both ends of its strands. Typically, what are they?
a Methyl group (CH3) and an amino-acyl group (100-150 Adenine bases).
When DNA is replicated, we say it is "semi-conservative" - In your own words, how does this apply to DNA replication
Semi-conservative basically means one original strand of DNA can be separated and each half strand can serve as a template for the opposite strand to ultimately form two completely identical strands.
Watson and Crick were able to construct a model for DNA using images and data they had from other scientists. What three facts did they know that helped piece everything together? (can accept close answers)
DNA is composed of repeating units every 34 Angstroms
DNA has phospate groups on the outside
DNA must have strands that run in equal but opposite directions (Antiparallel)