Synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
(DNA->mRNA)
What is transcription?
100
Actual synthesis of a polypeptide, which
occurs under the direction of mRNA (mRNA-
>protein)
What is translation?
100
A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that
attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and
specifies the primary structure of a protein
What is mRNA?
100
Site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
What is Ribosome?
100
A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that
binds to RNA polymerase and indicates where
to start transcribing RNA
What is promoter?
200
An enzyme that links together the growing
chain of ribonucleotides during transcription
What is RNA polymerase?
200
The starting end of the template strand that
transcription begins
What is 5'?
200
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or
mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid
or termination signal; the basic unit of the
genetic code
What are codons?
200
A noncoding, intervening sequence within a
eukaryotic gene
What are introns?
200
A coding region of a eukaryotic gene;
separated from each other by introns
What are exons?
300
A complex assembly that interacts with
the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA,
releasing the intron and joining the two
adjacent exons
What is spliceosome?
300
A specialized base triplet at one end of a
tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular
complementary codon on an mRNA molecule
What is anticodon?
300
A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
What is point mutation?
300
A polymer of many amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds
What is polypeptide chain?
300
An RNA molecule that functions as an
interpreter between nucleic acid and protein
language by picking up specific amino acids
and recognizing the appropriate codons
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
400
A chemical or physical agent that interacts
with DNA and causes a mutation
What is mutagen?
400
A mutation that changes an amino acid codon
to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a
shorter and usually nonfunctional protein
What is nonsense mutation?
400
The most common type of mutation, a base-
pair substitution in which the new codon
makes sense in that it still codes for an amino
acid
What is missense mutation?
400
A type of point mutation; the replacement
of one nucleotide and its partner in the
complementary DNA strand by another pair of
nucleotides
What is base-pair substitution?
400
A mutation occurring when the number
of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a
multiple of three, resulting in the improper
grouping of the following nucleotides into
codons