DNA & RNA
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
When is DNA replicated?
During mitosis (the S phase of interphase)
Identify the mutation CATGAA CAGGAA
A base substitution
Define and give an example of a mutagen
A physical or chemical agent that causes a genetic mutation
Examples: x-rays, UV light, chemicals
What are the complementary base-pairing rules in DNA?
Thymine with Adenine; Guanine with Cytosine
During the first step of DNA replication, which enzyme unzips the hydrogen bonds that connects the bases?
Helicase
What is transcription?
The information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of mRNA
Identify this mutation GGACCG GGCCG
A base deletion
How many bases are in a codon?
Three
What are two differences between RNA and DNA?
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose; The sugar in RNA is ribose.
Thymine (T) is present in DNA; Uracil (U) is present in RNA
Why is the presence of DNA important for the cellular metabolic activities?
DNA directs the production of proteins
Which molecule contains an anticodon and an amino acid
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
A mother contains a mutation in the molecular bases in her DNA. How will the baby inherit this mutation?
If the mutation is in the gamete of the mother
Arrange these from LARGEST to SMALLEST:
Nucleotide, Chromosome, Cell, DNA, Nucleus
Cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, DNA, Nucleotide
What are the bonds that hold together the nitrogenous bases in a molecule of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
Which enzyme adds new bases to synthesize a new strand of DNA according to base pairing rules?
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the process that involves the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide using the information encoded in the mRNA?
Translation
Identify the mutation CCCAGC CCCGAGC
A base insertion
What are the different sections/segments of DNA called?
Genes
If the structure of DNA were compared to a ladder, what would make up the sides? (Not the steps of the ladder)
Sugar and phosphate molecules
Explain what this statement means: DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.
The 2 new molecules of DNA that are produced each consist of 1 original strand and 1 new strand.
What travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is responsible for the production of proteins, and is created from a double stranded template?
mRNA
Insertion or deletions of one or more bases results in which type of mutation?
A frameshift mutation
What is the definition of a silent mutation?
A base substitution that causes no change in the amino acid sequence