Periodic Table & Atomic Structure
The electrons located in the outermost energy level:
valence electrons
How many "elements" are contained in a water molecule?
2- Hydrogen and Oxygen
less dense, floats
The "building block" of a macromolecule
Monomer
A substance that contains more Hydroxide (OH-) ions.
Base/Basic/Alkaline solution
The Atomic Number represents:
Number of Protons and Electrons (not added)- ex. Oxygen has the atomic number of 8- so it contains 8 protons and 8 electrons
The type of chemical compound formed between metals donating valence electrons to nonmetals.
Ionic
Oil and water do NOT mix because water is ___________.
Polar (oil is non-polar)
A specific group of atoms that dictate particular chemical properties and behavior for larger molecules they are contained in.
Functional Group
An atom that becomes electrically charged.
Ion
The mass number represents:
Number of protons + number of neutrons
How many "atoms" are contained in a molecule of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
3- two oxygen and one carbon
Substance B has a pH of 11
Which substance is more "basic"?
substance B
The "monomer" of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
What happens to the amount of Activation Energy required for a chemical reaction when an Enzyme is present?
Reduced/decreased
This number represents the number of energy levels contained within an atom:
Period (Row)
What does it mean for an atom to be "stable"?
Full outer energy level
Why does the temperature of ocean water sitting under the same exposure to sunlight feel drastically cooler than the temperature of the sand at the same beach?
Water has a high specific heat (requires a lot of energy to change its temperature). Sand has a lower specific heat so less energy is required to heat up the temperature.
Functions as long-term energy storage and protection within living organisms
Lipids (fats)
Name two factors that affect the activity of enzymes.
Temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators
What are the sub-atomic particles of an atom, their location, and their charges?
Protons (+) inside nucleus, Neutrons (0) inside the nucleus, Electrons (-) electron cloud (energy levels)
What is different about elements and compounds?
elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down. compounds are two or more elements chemically combined that can be broken down.
Describe the process of Transpiration using the properties and mechanisms of water that are involved.
Water sticks to itself and packs together (cohesion) and is drawn upwards from the roots by Capillary action and sticks to the walls of plant stems as it is transported throughout the plant.
Functions as enzymes, antibodies, structural components in living organisms such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles.
Proteins
What are the chemical indicators used to test for Carbohydrates and Proteins?
Benedict's (simple sugar), Biuret (protein), and Iodine (complex sugar)