Momentum in Motion
What two quantities determine momentum?
Mass and velocity
What is the unit for impulse?
N·s or kg·m/s
What is conserved in an elastic collision?
Momentum and kinetic energy
How do airbags reduce the force on passengers?
They increase the time of impact
What is the formula for force?
F = m × a
What happens to momentum if an object’s velocity triples?
Momentum triples
How does impulse relate to the change in momentum?
Impulse equals the change in momentum
What is conserved in an inelastic collision?
Momentum only
Why do gym mats help reduce injuries?
They cushion impact by increasing time and reducing force
What law explains why a ball continues rolling until friction stops it?
Newton’s First Law of Motion
If a 4 kg object moves at 2.5 m/s, what is its momentum?
10 kg·m/s
If a 10 N force acts for 0.5 seconds, what is the impulse?
5 N·s
Which type of collision occurs when two cars crash and stick together?
Inelastic
Why do race car drivers wear helmets with padding inside?
To absorb energy and reduce impact force on the head
Which of Newton’s laws is most related to impulse and momentum?
Newton’s Second Law
What type of quantity is momentum—scalar or vector?
Vector
Why is following through important when hitting a baseball?
It increases contact time, increasing impulse
Which type of collision occurs when a rubber ball bounces off the floor?
Elastic
How does impulse apply to landing after a jump?
Bending knees increases impact time and reduces force
According to Newton’s Third Law, when a bat hits a ball, what does the ball do?
It exerts an equal and opposite force on the bat
When two skaters push off each other, what happens to their momenta?
They move in opposite directions with equal and opposite momentum
A 3 kg ball increases its velocity from 2 m/s to 5 m/s in 0.5 seconds. What is the average force applied?
18 N
What happens to kinetic energy in an inelastic collision?
It is converted into other forms of energy such as heat or sound
Why are modern football helmets designed with flexible outer shells?
To dissipate energy and protect from high impact
How does Newton’s Third Law explain recoil when firing a gun?
The bullet moves forward, and the gun moves backward with equal momentum