Lineage
This Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire who united all the Mongol tribes...could be a villain or a hero
Who is Genghis (Chinggis) Khan?
Adaptation of this Chinese tech allowed Mongols to conquer resisting cities more efficiently
What is gunpowder?
After his death Genghis Khans descendants split his empire into 4 what?
What are Khanates?
currency had value because it was “backed” by a powerful state → made possible intro of paper in Tang China → adapted by Song & Mongol Yuan
What is paper money?
This law code promoted religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire
What is the Yassa Code?
conquest resisters were killed: soldiers executed en masse, women & craftsmen enslaved, unskilled civilians used as human shields or human fill for moats,
policies = form of psychological warfare intended to yield surrender
What is violence and brutality?
This grandson of Genghis Khan became China’s Mongol ruler 1271-1294, continued Confucian rituals, honored ancestors, improved roads, built canals, lowered some taxes, supported arts & learning, supported peasant agriculture; also hired advisors from diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds (including Marco Polo)
Who is Khubilai Khan?
The primary means of acquiring wealth in all sections of the Mongol Empire. Which was a continuity from the Islamic and Chinese government systems
What is taxes?
Belief in this religion caused great controversy between Mongol khanates.
What is Muslim religion?
Khubilai Khan chose a policy of accommodation, Mongols used Ch. admin, tax & postal system, gave themselves Ch. dynastic title (Yuan) suggesting new beginning of Ch. history; moved capital from Karakorum to Beijing, but Mongol law discriminated against Ch, intermarriage prohibited, Mongol rule resented
What is the Yuan Dynasty?
Under the Yuan Empire, using hundreds of stations, this was the most effective means of communication.
What is the Yam system?
Genghis Khan was tolerant of other religions because this person in his life was Christian
Who is his mother?
Mongols sacked Abbasid capital, massacred ~200,000 and inadvertently spread Bubonic Plague; Abbasid Dyn. collapsed & was replaced by Ilkhanate
What is the Siege of Baghdad 1258?
Fighting among GK’s descendants and the destruction caused by the Bubonic Plague contributed to the collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 14th c.
What is the Collapse of Mongol Empire?
This khanate was responsible for the mass destruction & death w/ initial conquest of Abbasids + enviro damage; but Mongol rulers used Persian bureaucracy, converted to Islam and assimilated
What is the Il-khanate?
Expansive Mongol Emp. → spread of Chinese tech across Eurasia like paper, gunpowder, compass navigation, medical techniques, crops, Chinese art styles
What is technological transfers?
As a means of control after domination, allowed these people to continue the dominant religious practices of the Orthodox Church.
Who is the Russians?