Simple Mono-Gastric
What is a simple mono-gastric system?
A digestive system with a single-chambered stomach, primarily found in animals like pigs and humans.
What distinguishes modified mono-gastric systems from simple ones?
They have additional digestive structures such as a larger cecum or specialized fermentation chambers.
What is unique about avian mono-gastric systems?
They have specialized structures like the gizzard and crop for processing food.
What are examples of simple mono-gastric animals?
Humans, pigs, and dogs.
Name two animals with modified mono-gastric systems.
Horses and rabbits.
Describe the role of the gizzard in avian digestion.
The gizzard grinds food into smaller particles, often with the help of ingested stones.
Describe the digestion process in a simple mono-gastric system.
Food is ingested, chewed, mixed with saliva, and then swallowed into the stomach where it is broken down by acids and enzymes.
What adaptations exist in modified mono-gastric systems?
Adaptations include larger ceca for fermentation and longer intestines for nutrient absorption.
How do birds process food differently than mammals?
Birds have a two-part stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) and lack teeth, relying on grinding for digestion.
What is the role of the stomach in simple mono-gastric systems?
The stomach serves to store food, mix it with gastric juices, and initiate protein digestion.
Explain how the cecum functions in modified mono-gastric systems
The cecum ferments fibrous materials, allowing for better digestion of plant materials.
What is the function of the crop in birds?
The crop stores food temporarily before it enters the stomach for digestion.
How does nutrient absorption occur in simple mono-gastric systems?
Nutrients are absorbed primarily in the small intestine through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream.
Compare the efficiency of digestion in simple vs. modified mono-gastric systems.
Modified systems are often more efficient at digesting fibrous plant materials compared to simple systems.
Explain the digestive process from ingestion to excretion in avian systems.
Food is ingested, stored in the crop, ground in the gizzard, digested in the proventriculus, absorbed in the intestine, and excreted via the cloaca.