Monomer/Polymer Stuff
What is the definition of a "monomer"?
A single "building block" unit.
Which of the following is the best example of a polymer?
A Polypeptide chain
In "Dehydration Synthesis," what does the word "Dehydration" specifically refer to?
The removal of a water molecule.
When two amino acids bond together during dehydration synthesis, which atoms are removed to form water?
A Hydrogen (H) from one and a Hydroxyl group (OH) from the other.
What is the specific name of the covalent bond that forms between two amino acids?
Peptide Bond
The peptide bond connects which two specific atoms in the protein backbone?
Carbon and Nitrogen
Why are proteins, such as hair or silk, structurally durable and strong?
Because peptide bonds are very strong and stable.
A "Polypeptide" is best described as:
A chain of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Structurally, how is a Glucose molecule different from a Lipid molecule?
Glucose is a ring; Lipid is a long tail.
Which statement is true regarding the atoms found in Lipids vs. Sugars?
Lipids contain the same atoms (C, H, O) but have much less Oxygen.
Why do lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates?
They have more Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
What role do enzymes play in turning sugar into fat?
They break the existing bonds in sugar and help reform them into lipids.
To transform a Glucose molecule into a Lipid, what must happen to the glucose ring?
It must be broken open.
During the biosynthesis of oil (fat) from sugar, what happens to the majority of the Oxygen atoms?
They are removed.
If a "bead" represents a monomer, what does a "necklace" represent?
A polymer
What molecule is released as a byproduct every time a new bond is formed between monomers?
H2O (Water)
What does the word "Synthesis" mean in the context of biology?
To put together/build.
A hydrocarbon tail (found in lipids) is primarily made of which elements?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Which of the following is the "building block" of a protein?
Amino Acid
When a plant makes oil for its seeds, it is performing which process?
Biosynthesis (Lipogenesis)
If you have a chain of 100 amino acids, how many peptide bonds hold them together?
99
Which of the following best describes the "rearrangement" of atoms?
Existing atoms are disconnected and reconnected in a new pattern.
Which functional group loses an Oxygen and a Hydrogen during dehydration synthesis?
The Carboxyl Group
Why does a lipid have "long tails" instead of rings?
Because the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are rearranged into long chains for storage.
If a scientist analyzes a molecule and finds it has a repetitive Sugar-Phosphate backbone, it is likely:
A Nucleic Acid