The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells
100
The process of meiosis results in how many daughter cells?
4 (unlike mitosis who only creates 2)
100
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that exist as polymers called?
Polynucleotides
100
What is inducer for a LAC operon?
Allolactose, an isomer of lactose formed in small amounts from lactose that enters the cell
100
What is transcription?
The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA
200
Name the 5 stages of mitosis
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
200
During what phase of Meiosis 1 do homologs move toward opposite poles, guided by the spindle apparatus?
Anaphase 1
200
Compare the structure of DNA V.S RNA
RNA exist as a single polynucleotide chain, unlike DNA who have two polynucleotides that form a double helix
200
Since the transcription of a TRP operon is usually on but can be inhibited when a specific small molecule binds allosterically to a regular protein, then it can be called a what?
Repressible operon
200
What is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA called?
Translation
300
At what stage of mitosis are the centrosomes at opposite poles of the cell?
Metaphase
300
What is the role of meiosis in the animal body?
Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosome sets by half and introduces genetic variability among the gametes
300
What are the sugars contained in DNA and RNA?
DNA- deoxyribose
RNA- ribose
300
What does the enzyme called RNA polymerase do?
It pries the two strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand, thus elongating the RNA polynucleotide.
300
During what process are both ends of the primary transcript altered?
RNA processing
400
Which mitosis phase is the shortest. (Lasts only a few minutes)
Anaphase
400
When does DNA replication occur during meiosis 1?
Occurs during interphase before meiosis 1 begins
400
What are nucleotides?
They are monomers that make up polynucleotides.
400
A collection of proteins in a Eukaryote is called what and what does it do?
Transcription factors, who mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription
400
What is a nucleotide-pair substitution?
The replacement of one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides.
500
In animal cells what is the stage where the cleavage furrow is created?
Cytokinesis
500
What forms during Prophase 2?
Spindle apparatus
500
What does DNA do?
It provides directions for its own replication, as well as directing RNA synthesis, and controlling protein synthases through RNA.
500
What is a TATA box?
A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex
500
What are additions or losses of nucleotide pais in a gene?