Potpourri
JFK suffered from this disorder that leads to decreased aldosterone secretion and subsequent hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypotension.
What is addisons disease?
(Adrenal Insufficiency)
Im so nervous my heart is beating fast. This class of drugs may slow it down but it will cause the potassium to go up
(no repeat answers)
What is Beta Blockers?
Beta blockers interfere with the beta-2-adrenergic facilitation of potassium uptake by the cells
Dr. Jacobs should not do this before getting his blood work done as it will likely show hyperkalemia
What is run (exercise)?
Persistent hyperkalemia almost exclusively requires dysfunction in this organ?
What is the Kidney?
When the cause of hyperkalemia is unclear, this is the first step that should be taken
What is repeat the potassium levels?
Patients with the possibly catastrophic disorder normally appear to be hyperkalemic but actually are hypokalemic
What is DKA?
Nsaids result in hyperkalemia in CKD patients by doing this to renal physiology
What is decreasing renal blood flow and thus decreasing filtration by diminishing the effects of prostaglandins?
Liar Liar! Just be careful your pants are not on fire, because the end result will be this cause of hyperkalemia
Increase in serum potassium results in the secretion of this hormone that leads to its excretion?
What is aldosterone?
Acute rise in potassium levels (after spurious lab values are ruled out) should lead to a differential including these diagnoses (name 1)
What is tissue breakdown? (rhabdo, TLS, burns)
Diabetic routinely suffer from low levels of this hormone which will result in hyperkalemia
What is renin?
Did this drug cause paralysis because of hyperkalemia or was that its intended effect?
What is succinylchloine?
Causes shift of potassium out from muscle cells.
Name five foods that would be considered "high" in potassium
Bananas, melons, oranges, nectarines, kiwi, mango, papaya, prunes, pomegranate, dates, dried fruits, dried figs
Avocados, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sweet potatoes, parsnips, pumpkin, vegetable juices, white potatoes, winter squash, tomato and tomato-based products, deep colored and leafy green vegetables (such as spinach or Swiss chard) dried beans and peas, black beans, refried beans, baked beans, lentils, legumes,
Milk and yogurt, nuts and seeds, bran and bran products, chocolate, granola, molasses, peanut butter, salt substitutes
Ingestion of a potassium load leads initially to the uptake of most of the excess potassium by cells in muscle and this organ, a process that is facilitated by insulin and the beta-2-adrenergic receptors
What is the liver?
This calculation was used to estimate aldosterone function but has since been deemed not valid and is no longer recommended in the evaluation of hyperkalemia
What is TTKG?
This is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by resistance to the actions of aldosterone
What is Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1?
Amiloride and Triamterene block this channel to cause hyperkalemia
What is the ENac channel?
Urinary Tract Obstruction is a leading cause of hyperkalemia. That is because this % of potassium excreted from the kidneys.
What is 90%?
Which is the most important site of K+ secretion in the kidney?
What is the cortical collecting duct?
Always ask your hypertensive patients what they had for dinner, they may have added some of this which can lead to hyperkalemia
What is salt substitute (KCl)?
Patients with this disorder suffer from hypertension, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, normal renal function, and low or low-normal plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations
What is Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (Gordon's syndrome)?
A patient with unstable angina is routinely given this drug acutely that results in hyperkalemia?
What is heparin drip?
Trauma to this specific part of the body can lead to life threatening hyperkalemia, likely due to catecholamine release?
What is Head trauma?
This is the first hormone secreted by the body in response to an increased potassium load
What is insulin?
Even if a patient has adequate aldosterone secretion, deficiency of this mineral will lead to persistent hyperkalemia. Make sure you examine your patient to otherwise you wont know.
What is sodium?
Sodium is needed for the potassium exchange and sodium deficiency is a common cause of hyperkalemia.