Module 1 Foundations
The unconscious and early childhood experiences are emphasized by the ________.
Psychodynamic school of psychology
Ryan notices that a lot of people he sees avoid making eye contact while they walk by him on their cell phones. He develops a tentative explanation that people are too focused on their conversation to be distracted by an outside passerby. Ryan’s observation is an example of a
Hypothesis.
These are the part of the neurons where signals are received from other neurons.
Dendrites
The ________ shows that each generation tends to have a higher IQ than the last generation.
Flynn Effect
Cillian can remember a great deal of numbers because he groups them all in sets of 3 and thinks of them as batting averages. He is using the technique of ________.
Chunking
Before a memory makes it to long-term memory, it must first pass through ________ and short-term memory.
Sensory
If Marco is interested in changes in reasoning and thinking that occur during adolescence, he should specialize in ________ psychology.
Developmental
Thinking about the meaning of a word and categorizing it into the context of other words you already know is an example of ________ encoding.
Semantic
The most accurate definition of psychology is the scientific study of ________.
The mind and behavior
A(n) _______ is a testable prediction that is arrived at logically from a(n) ________.
Hypothesis; Theory
The peripheral nervous system is composed of the
Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems
Destiny is excellent at working with shapes and models. Her dream job is to design for Lego one day. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.
Spatial
If co-witnesses of a crime are permitted to talk to each other, they are prone to contaminate each other’s memories. This is an example of
the misinformation effect
What are the three types of encoding?
semantic, acoustic, and visual
Damage to Broca’s area may cause
difficulty speaking
Napoleon works at the golf course. In addition to his salary, they told him he can get $10 for every bucket he fills with stray balls he finds scattered throughout the course. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed Ratio
Wilhelm Wundt’s usage of introspection to measure the workings of the mind is known as
Structuralism
________ research is generally preliminary and non-experimental research intended to gather information.
Descriptive
If Julian is startled by a rat in his kitchen, his ________ nervous system kicks into action.
Sympathetic
As people age, they hold on to their accumulated knowledge and memories and tend to increase in emotional intelligence. There is typically a decline, however, in their ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. This is a decline in ________ intelligence.
Fluid
________ interference occurs when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information, while ________ interference happens when information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information.
Proactive; Retroactive
Mary Claire watches her father bake bread every Sunday afternoon. Eventually, she starts to join him in the kitchen and he shows her the ropes of how it’s done. After years of doing this together, Mary Claire decides she wants to open a bakery. This exemplifies
Learning
Colton is an average middle school student who has a good group of friends and enjoys practicing the drums and playing baseball. Despite this, he struggles with writing and has a hard time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?
Dysgraphia
Rewarding successive approximations towards a target behavior is known as
Shaping
Which factors influence health, according to the biopsychosocial model?
Interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
Research that compares multiple segments of the population at the same time is known as ________.
Cross-sectional research
A measure of the strength of the relationship between individual differences in a given trait and individual genetic differences is called the
Heritability coefficient
______ provide step-by-step instructions for solving a problem or performing a task.
Algorithms
Episodic memories and semantic memories are both examples of ________ memory.
Explicit
Being afraid of thunder and lightning because the last two times you were in a thunderstorm, there were also tornadoes would be an example of
Classical conditioning
Heather is conducting a study on music and memory. She plays different types of music while students memorize lists of words, then tests them on their retention after 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week. In this example, which is the independent variable?
The type of music
Buckling your seatbelt to remove the “beep, beep, beep” sound in your car is an example of
Negative Reinforcement
The study of cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan is known as
Developmental psychology
Make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, do an experiment, analyze the results, prove or disprove the hypothesis is
The Scientific Method
The ________ helps maintain the body’s level of homeostasis and regulates things like body temperature and appetite.
Hypothalamus
Thinking outside of the box is considered?
Divergent thinking
Long-term memories you have to consciously think about are
Explicit Memories
Iliana taking her dog to the vet once a year is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
Fixed interval reinforcement schedule
The experience and regulation of emotions is strongly connected to the ________ within the limbic system.
Amygdala
The processes used to encode, store, & retrieve information over time is known as?
Memory