APGAR
What does APGAR stand for?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
How long is a typical pregnancy?
About 40 weeks (280 days)
What are the three stages of labour?
First (dilation), second (delivery of baby), third (delivery of placenta)
What term describes uterine discharge after birth?
Lochia
What is the normal newborn heart rate?
110–160 bpm
When is the APGAR score assessed?
At 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
What is the term for the first fetal movement a mother feels?
Quickening
What are Braxton Hicks contractions?
Irregular, painless contractions that do not cause cervical dilation
What color should lochia be on day 1–3?
Rubra (red)
What is vernix caseosa?
White, cheesy coating that protects newborn skin
A newborn has a heart rate of 120, cries vigorously, flexes limbs, and has pink body with blue hands and feet. What’s the score?
8 (2 for HR, 2 for cry, 2 for flexion, 2 for pink body, 0 for acrocyanosis)
What vitamin is essential in early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?
Folic acid
Define “effacement.”
Thinning and shortening of the cervix during labour
What is the fundal height expected immediately after delivery?
At or just below the umbilicus
Why is vitamin K given to newborns?
To prevent bleeding due to lack of clotting factors
What APGAR score range indicates moderate distress?
4–6
What test screens for gestational diabetes?
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
What’s the primary nursing action when membranes rupture?
Check fetal heart rate to assess for cord prolapse
Name two signs of postpartum infection.
Foul-smelling lochia, fever, pain, redness, or swelling
What reflex causes a newborn to turn toward a touch on the cheek?
Rooting reflex
Name one intervention for a newborn with an APGAR score of 4.
Provide oxygen, stimulate, dry, and possibly initiate positive pressure ventilation or resuscitation per protocol
List two danger signs in pregnancy that should be reported immediately.
Vaginal bleeding, severe headache, visual changes, swelling, decreased fetal movement.
What does “station 0” mean in fetal descent?
The fetal head is at the level of the ischial spines
Describe one nursing intervention for a postpartum mother with mastitis.
Encourage continued breastfeeding, warm compresses, antibiotics as ordered, rest
Identify two signs of respiratory distress in a newborn.
Grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, cyanosis, tachypnea