Components
Name the component described: it executes instructions and is often called the "brain" of the computer.
CPU
Which type of memory loses its contents when power is turned off: primary or secondary?
Primary memory (volatile) loses contents when powered off.
What is the purpose of the motherboard?
The motherboard holds and connects the main components (CPU, memory, storage, expansion slots) and provides power/data pathways.
Name the two main types of primary memory (RAM) listed and one key difference between them.
DRAM (dynamic RAM) — needs refreshes; SRAM (static RAM) — faster, used for cache.
Identify two common types of expansion slots and one typical use for each.
Examples: PCIe (used for GPUs, NVMe SSDs), PCI (older cards like sound/network — mostly legacy). (Accept answers naming PCIe, PCI, AGP, ISA with uses.)
Explain what a CPU socket is and why it matters when upgrading a CPU.
A CPU socket is the physical and electrical interface on the motherboard for the CPU; compatibility determines which CPUs fit and whether an upgrade is possible.
Describe how the I/O (back) panel and internal headers differ in function and give two examples of devices or connections for each.
I/O back panel: external connectors (video ports, USB, Ethernet, audio jacks). Internal headers: pin connectors inside case for front-panel USB, power switch, fans, etc.