Distance vs. Displacement
This quantity measures the total path length traveled regardless of direction, while this second quantity measures the shortest straight-line distance from start to finish with direction.
What are distance (scalar) and displacement (vector)?
On a Position vs. Time graph, the slope of the line represents this physical quantity.
What is velocity?
This intrinsic property of matter determines how much an object will resist changes in its state of motion.
What is mass (or inertia)?
On a Free-Body Diagram of a book sitting motionless on a desk, these two vertical forces are drawn equal in length but opposite in direction.
What are the Normal force (Fnormal) and Gravity force (Fgravity)?
An athlete exerts a backward force of 250 N on a starting block. The starting block exerts this force on the athlete.
What is 250 N forward?
Movement to the South or West is assigned this mathematical sign, while movement to the North or East is assigned this sign.
What are negative (-) and positive (+)?
A horizontal, flat line on a Velocity vs. Time graph indicates that an object is moving with this type of motion.
What is constant velocity (or zero acceleration)?
When a driver slams on the brakes, unrestrained passengers slide forward relative to the car due to this law of motion.
What is Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)?
If you double the net force applied to a cart while keeping its mass constant, the cart's acceleration changes by this factor.
What is doubled (2x)?
Newton's Third Law states that every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force, meaning forces always occur in these.
What are action-reaction pairs?
A hiker walks 6.0 km East and then 8.0 km North to the trail end and turns back to return to his car 8.0 km South and 6.0 km West. What is the hikers total distance when he returns to his car?
What is 28 km?
An object dropped from rest undergoes constant free-fall acceleration. Its Position vs. Time graph takes this distinct shape.
What is a parabolic curve (curving upward)?
If the net force acting on a moving hockey puck on frictionless ice is exactly zero, the puck will respond in this way.
What is continue moving at a constant speed in a straight line forever?
A 10 kg box is pulled to the right with an applied force of 40 N against a friction force of 10 N. This is the acceleration of the box.
What is 3.0 m/s² to the right?
A rocket accelerates upward in the vacuum of space by pushing exhaust gases downward. The reaction force that propels the rocket is exerted by this.
What are the exhaust gases (pushing back on the rocket engine)?
A runner completes two full laps around a 400-meter circular track. This is the runner's total displacement.
What is 0 meters?
A car accelerates from 10 m/s to 30 m/s over a time interval of 4.0 seconds. This is the car's average acceleration.
What is 5.0 m/s²?
When an astronaut travels from Earth to deep space far from gravitational fields, this measurement changes while this measurement remains identical.
What is weight (changes) and mass (remains identical)?
A 60.0 kg person stands on a scale inside an elevator that is accelerating upward at 2.00 m/s². The scale reading (normal force) will read this value
What is 708 N?
Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, yet they never cancel each other out for this fundamental reason.
What is because they act on two different objects?
A courier walks 12 meters North, 5 meters East, and 12 meters South. This is the courier's resultant displacement.
What is 5 meters East?
An object thrown up and allowed to fall would have this type of slope on a Velocity vs Time graph
What is a linear (negative) slope?
Rapidly pulling a tablecloth out from under dishes without disturbing them works because the dishes possess high mass and low friction, demonstrating this concept.
What is inertia?
A Free-Body Diagram shows a 5.0 kg object with F_up = 50. N, F_down = 50. N, F_right = 35 N, and F_left = 15 N. This is the exact acceleration vector of the object.
What is 4.0 m/s² to the right?
A box with a mass of 5 kg is pushed to the right across a flat, frictionless table by a person applying a horizontal force of 20N. Represent this with a free body diagram.
What is a diagram with Fnormal up (49N) and Fgravity down (49N), Fapplied to the right (20N)