Motivation
What is motivation?
Motivation is an internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behaviour.
What are Maslow's two hierarchy of needs?
Deficiency Needs:
–When met, motivation decreases.
–Survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem.
Being Needs
-When met, motivation continues to increase.
-Intellectual achievement, aesthetic appreciation, and self-actualization.
What is a goal?
Something an individual is attempting to accomplish.
What is a epistemological belief?
Epistemological beliefs are ways of understanding how you think and learn.
What is one of the few things greater interest leads to?
More positive emotional response to material, greater persistence, deeper processing, better remembering of material, and higher achievement.
What is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic Motivation:
- Motivation is inside the task.
- The activity is enjoyable in and of itself.
Extrinsic Motivation:
- Motivation is outside the task.
What is self-determination theory?
The need to feel competent and capable in our interactions with the world, to have some choices and a sense of control over our lives.
What is mastery goals?
Mastery (Learning) Goals: Goal is to learn, improve.
What are two beliefs about ability?
Entity View: Belief that ability is fixed.
Incremental View: Belief that ability can change.
What are the two types of interest?
Personal Interests: More enduring; general.
Situational Interests: Short-lived; aspects of the situation that hold students’ attention.
What are three ways a teacher can build confidence and positive expectations in students?
1. Begin at student level.
2. Make sure goals are clear.
3. Vocalize looking inward not outward.
What is the need for competence?
The need to demonstrate ability or mastery.
What is performance, work-avoidance, and social goals?
Performance Goals: Goal is to get good grades, or appear smarter than others.
Work-Avoidance Goals: Goal is to avoid work.
Social Goals: Social needs are important.
What is attribution theory and the three dimensions of attribution?
Attribution Theory: Describes how the individual’s explanations, justifications, and excuses influence motivation.
Weiner’s three dimensions of attribution:
–Locus
–Stability
–Controllability
What are three ways a teacher can foster curiosity in students?
1. Tapping into students’ interests.
2. Making connections between course material and applications that may be interesting to students.
3. Allowing students to find connections for themselves.
What is an ON TARGET mentality?
•TARGET
–Task that students are asked to do.
–Autonomy or authority students are allowed in working.
–Recognition for accomplishments.
–Grouping practices.
–Evaluation procedures.
- Time in the classroom.
What is the need for autonomy?
The desire to have our own wishes, rather than external rewards or pressures that determine our actions.
What is feedback, goal framing and goal acceptance?
Feedback: Students need accurate sense of progress.
Goal Framing: Goals that promote competence, autonomy, and are associated with better learning.
Goal Acceptance: Students are more willing to adopt goals that are realistic, reasonably difficult, and meaningful.
Which type of view (entity or incremental) makes teachers form quicker judgements and hold a fixed mindset?
Entity.
Which part of the brain triggers "fight or flight" responses in humans?
The amygdala.
What are the five general approaches to motivation?
Behaviourist, Humanistic, Cognitive Views, Social Cognitive, and Sociocultural.
What are some aspects that self-determination and autonomy in the classroom are associated with?
Creativity, grades, student engagement, sense of competence, etc.
What is the main lesson for teachers, pertaining to the goals of their students?
Students are more likely to work towards goals that are clear, specific, reasonable, moderately challenging, and attainable within a relatively short period of time.
What are the five beliefs about self-worth?
1. Learned helplessness.
2. Self worth: Mastery-Oriented Students.
3. Failure-Avoiding Students.
4. Failure-Accepting Students.
5. Self-handicapping.
What are four ways teachers can help anxious learners?
1.Helping students become more effective at recognizing the source of their anxious feelings.
2.Help anxious students set realistic goals.
3.Support improved performance by teaching students more effective methods for learning and studying.
4.Help students limit environmental triggers for anxiety in the classroom.