Basic Motivational Concepts
This term refers to the internal state that drives an individual toward a goal.
Drive
The need for this is a desire to form close relationships and be part of a group.
Affiliation
This basic emotion is often described as a response to fear or danger.
Fear
This theory focuses on biological needs as the basis for motivation.
Drive-reduction theory
This physiological response can include increased heart rate and adrenaline during fear.
The fight-or-flight response
This type of motivation comes from external rewards, such as money or praise.
Extrinsic motivation
This type of achievement motivation can lead to success in competitive environments.
High achievement motivation
This theory says that physiological arousal occurs before the emotional experience.
The James-Lange theory
This motivation theory emphasizes the role of intrinsic factors such as curiosity and interest.
Intrinsic motivation
This emotional response is characterized by feelings of disappointment.
Sadness
This theory suggests that people are motivated to achieve a balance between their needs and the environment.
Homeostasis theory
Individuals with this motivation focus on mastering tasks and improving their skills.
Mastery orientation
This emotion is typically characterized by feelings of joy.
Happiness
This perspective highlights the role of social and cultural factors in shaping motivation.
The sociocultural perspective
This emotional state can be triggered by positive or negative stimuli and involves physiological changes.
Arousal
According to Maslow, this is the highest level of psychological needs, often associated with personal growth.
Self-actualization
This theory by Atkinson emphasizes the balance between the desire to succeed and the fear of failure.
Achievement motivation theory
This type of emotion arises from the evaluation of personal significance or worth.
Self-conscious emotion
This theory proposes that individuals have a need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
Self-determination theory
This phenomenon describes the tendency for individuals to experience emotions influenced by their social context.
Emotional contagion
This concept suggests that people are motivated to fulfill their needs in a specific order, starting with physiological needs.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
This concept explains how social relationships can influence personal achievement.
Social support
This theory suggests emotions are influenced by cognitive processes and social context.
Cognitive appraisal theory
This concept explains the interaction of personal and environmental factors in motivation.
The reciprocal determinism
This theory suggests that emotions can be categorized based on dimensions like arousal and valence.
The dimensional model of emotion