Cadence
V I
Authentic Cadence
Transposed up or down a step repeatedly
Sequence
Shorter segment of a phrase
Subphrase
a a'
Parallel Period
1
Tonic
V
Half Cadence
Rhythms twice as fast
Diminution
Name for the first phrase in a period
Antecedent
a b
Contrasting Period
5
IV I
Plagal Cadence
Melodic contour flipped upside down
Inversion
Name for the second phrase in a period
Consequent
a a b
Asymmetrical Period
4
Subdominant
V vi
Deceptive Cadence
Melody expanded
Extension
Adding material to the middle of a phrase to make it more than 4 or 8 measures
Phrase Expansion
a b a' b'
Double Period
6
Submediant
Washington D.C. is on the West Coast or East Coast?
East Coast! Ohio DMV
Melody abbreviated
Ellipsis
Starting one phrase at the moment another ends (cadences)
Phrase Elision
Any number of phrases ending in a Half Cadence instead of an Authentic Cadence
Phrase Group or Phrase Chain
7 in major (also raised 7 in minor)
Leading Tone