Motor Learning
Motor learning is the process of __________ movement skills through practice and experience.
Learning, improving and refining
What is the first stage of learning where performers are trying to understand what to do?
Cognitive stage
A soccer player shoots from the same spot for 20 minutes without stopping. This is what type of practice?
Massed practice
Information received about performance that helps improve a skill is called what?
Feedback
You are coaching a Year 9 basketball player who is learning how to perform a lay-up. They often forget the correct footwork and make many mistakes.
What stage of learning are they in?
Cognitive
Unlike skills, these movements are automatic and do not need to be learned.
Reflexes
A learner can perform a skill fairly consistently but still makes mistakes and relies on feedback. What stage are they in?
Associative stage
A swimmer practises for 5 minutes, rests for 5 minutes, then repeats. This is what type of practice?
Distributed practice
Feeling the ball come off your foot when kicking is an example of what type of feedback?
Intrinsic feedback
A shooter practises 50 shots from the same spot near the goal post and is very accurate in training. During games, however, they miss from different positions around the circle.
1. What type of practice are they using?
2. Is shooting in training open or closed?
1. Constant practice
3. Closed skill
A basketball defender must react to an opponent's dribbling, passing and shooting decisions. Is defending in basketball an open or closed skill?
Open skill
A player can complete skills automatically and focus on tactics and opponents. What stage are they in?
Autonomous stage
A beginner golfer practises only the grip before practising the swing. This is what type of practice?
Part practice
A coach using video footage to show an athlete their technique is what type of feedback?
Extrinsic feedback
A batter receives advice from a coach who says, "Watch the seam of the ball" before each delivery. The batter is improving but still needs reminders.
Questions:
Threading a needle requires precise control of small muscles. Is this a gross or fine motor skill?
Fine motor skill
This coaching strategy is most suitable for a cognitive learner:
A. Minimal feedback
B. Frequent demonstrations and simple instructions
C. Complex tactical discussions
B. Frequent demonstrations and simple instructions
A volleyball player practises dig-set-spike repeatedly in the same sequence. This is what type of practice?
Serial practice
A rugby player notices they tackled too high and were bumped off by the attacker. Is this knowledge of performance or knowledge of results?
Knowledge of Performance (KP)
A player has played rugby for six years. They can tackle consistently and make good decisions in games. After watching match footage, they notice they are missing tackles because they are approaching attackers at the wrong angle.
Questions:
Classify each as open or closed:
Identify the learning stage: A netball player has played for years, rarely makes skill errors and can focus on teammates' positioning while passing.
Autonomous stage
Identify the type of feedback or cue:
You have played touch football for 3 years and are a regular starter for your school team. You have practised passing on both sides by aiming at a target on a wall at home and you are consistently accurate. But in games, your passes are often intercepted or knocked down.