Stages of Motor Learning/ML principles
Initial stage; improving motor performance requires the client consciously attending to the task
What is Cognitive Phase?
What is meaningful?
The strategies and techniques used to teach others how to move.
What is motor learning?
When the amount of time in practice of the skill exceeds the rest period. Also least effective type of practice for generalization.
What is massed practice (aka blocked practice)?
A traditional bottom-up motor approach that targets underlying muscle tone abnormalities with handling at key points of control
What is Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT), aka known as the Bobath method
The second stage of motor learning which focuses on practice, practice, practice; therapist allows errors to be made keeping in mind frustration tolerance of the client
What is Associative Phase?
Intervention principle that promotes carry-over of motor learning to other contexts.
What is generalization?
The purposefulness of an object
What is affordance?
What is distributed practice?
In the 2019 Novak & Honen systematic review of pediatric interventions, NDT is this color on the traffic light system for motor outcomes for children with cerebral palsy.
What is red?
The stage motor learning where the motor skill requires very little conscious/cognitive effort; skill has been learned; is automatic
What is Autonomous Phase?
True or False. Whole activity practice is generally a better intervention approach that part practice
What is True?
The resting state of a muscle
What is muscle tone?
The type of practice which learners repeat the skill, but with small refinements/changes; closest to the representation of the actual occupation
What is variable practice (aka random)?
This contemporary motor learning theory postulates that a child learns movement from a variety of sources and takes place within natural environments and meaningful contexts
What is Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Control?
In this type of intervention the pediatric client is actively engaged in an activity/task/occupation; green evidence bubble in Novak & Honan, 2019 for motor outcomes for clients with cerebral palsy.
What are task-oriented approaches/goal directed approaches?
True or False. Longer periods of practice are preferable to shorter, frequent practice.
What is False?
All possible planes of motion in the joints controlled by the musculoskeletal systems and the CNS
What is degrees of freedom?
Feedback that gives the client information about HOW they performed the movement
What is Knowledge of Performance (KP)?
Contemporary theories of motor control actually align with the wishes of children with motor difficulties, and their parents, to participate in social activities with peers, as well as participate in academics at school; thankfully the occupational therapy profession has this key principle at its core.
What is client-centered practice?
This approach engages children/adolescents in a verbal problem-solving approach to motor challenges; green intervention for clients with DCD who want to learn motor skills
What is the CO-OP approach?
Open or Closed. Client throwing bean bags through a moving hula hoop suspended by a rope from the ceiling.
What is Open?
To alter a movement pattern, therapists can facilitate a motor habit (attractor state) change by offering this.
What is perturbation?
Feedback given to the client related to the outcome of the motor skill; should not be given 100% of the time.
What is Knowledge of Results (KR)?
This contemporary motor theory emphasizes the interaction between the person, the task, and the occupation
What is Ecological Theory (of Motor Learning/Motor Skill Acquisition)?