Cerebellum
The part of the brain responsible for movement and balance, learning, memory (especially conditioned memory)
What is the cerebellum?
The major origin point for voluntary movement
What are the upper motor neurons?
This structure helps with voluntary motor control, procedural learning, habit formation, motivation, emotion; involved in procedural memory, reward mechanism; sends “go/no go” signals to the supplementary motor area;
What is the basal ganglia?
An inhibitory structure in the basal ganglia
What is the Globus pallidus?
Disorder affecting motor planning, seen in speech in prosody and voluntary movement difficulties; characterized by inconsistent errors and client will be better in automatic speech tasks.
What is apraxia of speech?
The "little brain"
What is the cerebellum?
Symptoms of Muscle weakness; Decreased motor control; Spasticity
What are symptoms of Upper Motor Neuron deficits?
The thalamus and basal ganglia form this coloquially in the motor system
A nucleus that helps with motor coordination
What is the red nucleus?
A disorder due to issues in the Lower Motor Neurons
What is flaccid dysarthria?
A movement type affecting posture, balance, coordination, and speech
What is smooth movement?
Neurons which help with voluntary movements and act as a link between upper motor neurons and the muscles
What are lower motor neurons?
What is the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)?
A nucleus that is ventral to the thalamus; important for movement
What is the subthalamic nucleus?
A disorder due to issues in the cerebellum
What is ataxic dysarthria?
Difficulties coordinating motor aspects; Unsteadiness; Intention tremor; Hypotonia
What are symptoms of issues with the cerebellum?
Neurons which help with voluntary movements of eyes, face, and tongue, therefore chewing, swallowing, and vocalization
What are the cranial nerve lower motor neurons?
Type of disorder characterized by too much movement due to excess direct pathway output or excessive indirect pathway output
What is a hyperkinetic disorder?
A brain structure located in midbrain, role in reward, addiction, and movement; includes pars compacta and pars reticulata
What is the substantia nigra?
A progressive disorder affecting the lower motor neurons, also associated with respiration and motor difficulties
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
Motor control occurring higher in the central nervous system than the brainstem
What is supramedullary control of movement?
symptoms of flaccid weakness; Deterioration of muscles; Deficits in voice, speech, respiration, emotions, cognition
Type of disorder characterized by too little movement due to insufficient direct pathway output or excessive indirect pathway output
What is a Hypokinetic disorder?
A nucleus which has an important role in pleasure, laughter, reward, and reinforcement learning, along with fear, aggression, impulsivity and addiction
What is the nucleus accumbens?
a progressive disease of the basal ganglia, causing resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, mask-like facial expression; a hypokinetic disorder
What is Parkinson's Disease?