Anatomy
Name parts of brainstem from superior to inferior
midbrain, pons, medulla
__________ refers to muscle wasting due to non-use.
Atrophy
Hypernasality
CN X- pharyngeal branch
The disease that is the frequent cause of hypokinetic dysarthria is ____________________
parkinson's disease
Hyperkinesia refers to what movement.
excessive
what are the 4 neurotransmitters
GABA, Dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate
True or false: Instrumental methods are considered the gold standard for assessing or diagnosing MSD. ________
tongue atrophy
CN XII
Uncontrollable laughter or crying (without change to emotional state) is known as _____________________
Pseudobulbar affect
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is associated with both UMN and LMN loss, which predictably results in mixed dysarthria (99% of the time). What are the 2 dysarthrias seen in ALS 99% of the time?
Flaccid dysarthria and Spastic dysarthria
The two main pathways of the upper motor neuron system discussed in Chapter 2 are named ____________ and the _____________
DAP / pyramidal and the IAP / extrapyramidal
what are the courses of a disease
chronic/stationary, transient, progressive, exaccerbating-remitting, improving
weak lip closure
CN VII
The cerebellum receives its information from 3 white matter stalks called
peduncles
Breathy voice, audible inspiration, and short phrases would all indicate __________ dysarthria.
flaccid
Which lobe of the brain is hidden beneath the frontal and temporal lobes near the Sylvian/ lateral fissure? ___________
insula
speech subsytems
phonation, prosody, articulation, resonance and respiration
breathy voice & diplophonia
CN X - recurrent laryngeal nerve
4 parts of the Duffy motor speech system
control circuits (cerebellar and basal ganglia), UMN, and LMN
A distinguishing or a relatively unique speech characteristic of spastic dysarthria is____________
strained/strangled voice
The cerebral cortex controls the ___________ body. The cerebellum controls the ___________ body.
contralateral/ ipsilateral
6 salient features of speech
strength, speed, steadiness, tone, accuracy, and range of motion
/p/ worse than /k/ and /t/ AMR’s
CN VII
three branches of vagus nerve and elaborate what each of them do
Pharyngeal nerve
◦ Motor – pharynx & all soft palate muscles except the tensor veli palatini
Superior laryngeal nerve
◦ External branch – motor - cricothyroid muscle (pitch)
◦ Internal branch – sensory - supraglottic mucousa
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Motor – all intrinsic laryngeal musculature except cricothyroid
Sensory – subglottic mucousa
Name 3 deviant characteristics of a dysarthria of your choice
~i dont wanna type that much~