Neuroanatomy
We know 'em, we hate 'em...
This set of "motor neurons" has their cell bodies primarily in the Primary Motor Cortex & the Premotor cortex and synapses in the brainstem
What is Upper Motor Neurons?
Cranial Nerve VII
What is the facial nerve?
F3 flat
/w/
A motor speech disorder that impairs the brains ability to plan or program motor commands that lead to movements.
What is Apraxia of Speech?
Hypokinetic dysarthria is most commonly associated with this pathology.
What is Parkinson's disease?
What is the indirect activation pathway?
A patient presents with weak eyebrow raise and one-sided weakness when prompted to smile. Weakness presented on the left side of the entire face.
What is a right unilateral LMN lesion?
/w/, /r/, /l/ all have this characteristic in F2.
rising
Characteristics include: hypernasality, breathiness, audible inspiration, short phrases, rapid deterioration, weakness
Mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria is most commonly associated with this pathology.
What is ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)?
This system travels from the cortex to the striatum to the globus pallidus to the thalamus and back to the cerebral cortex. It has a pattern of motor planning that is excitatory, excitatory, inhibitory, inhibitory.
What is the direct route of the basal ganglia?
You are assessing if groping is present in a client's mouth. You are testing this nerve.
What is CN V (trigeminal)?
/l/ and /j/ both have this characteristic in F3.
falling
This dysarthria is resolves relatively quickly and presents with imprecise consonants. It has the least amount of salient features.
What is UUMN dysarthria?
Cerebral palsy is most commonly diagnosed in this population.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!
The muscle ____ elevates the mandible and is innervated by this nerve.
What is temporalis and trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Your patient demonstrates the sucking reflex caused by this type of injury.
UMN injury (damage disinhibits and unmasks primitive reflexews)
The formula for this is (F2/i/ + F1/a/) / (F1/i/ + F1/u/ + F2/u/ + F2/a/)
What is Vowel Articulation Index (VAI)?
Spastic dysarthria is associated with damage to this area.
What is bilateral UMN injury?
A risk factor for this pathology is respiratory or gastrointestinal infection which leads to overactivity of the immune system.
What is Guillan-Barre Syndrome (AIDP)?
The structures of the basal ganglia.
What are the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, amygdala
BONUS QUESTIONNNNN worth 1000
Name all Cranial Nerves and their associated numbers.
CN V Trigeminal Nerve
CN VII Facial Nerve
CN IX Glosspharyngeal Nerve
CN X Vagus
CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve
You are looking at the formants for a client's production of /r/. Formant 3 should by rishing, but instead it is flat. You characterize their speech inaccuracy as this.
What is rhotacism?
The three subtypes of ataxic dysarthria.
What are articulatory inaccuracy, prosodic excess, and phonatory-prosodic insufficiency?
SLPs treat this pathology by remediating low voice volume, providing strategies for dysphagia due to muscle weakness, and working on articulation to improve intelligibility.
Symptoms and signs include little to no response to Levodopa, fatigue and weakness of the respiratory system, deterioration of muscles, and bradykinesia.
What is Multiple Systems Atrophy?