Reproduction in Mammals
This structure, formed after fertilisation, implants into the uterine lining and provides nourishment and support to the developing embryo.
What is the blastocyst?
This type of reproduction involves the division of a single parent organism into two or more genetically identical offspring.
What is asexual reproduction?
This phase of mitosis follows prophase and involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator.
What is metaphase?
This nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA, forming two hydrogen bonds.
What is thymine?
This inheritance pattern results when both alleles for a trait are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
What is codominance?
This female reproductive hormone, produced by the corpus luteum, prepares the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the endometrial lining.
What is progesterone?
In this type of reproduction, two gametes (usually from different individuals) fuse to form a genetically diverse offspring.
What is sexual reproduction?
During meiosis, this process ensures genetic diversity by shuffling genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over (genetic recombination)?
The shape of DNA is known as this iconic structure, first proposed by Watson and Crick.
What is the double helix?
In this inheritance pattern, the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes.
What is incomplete dominance?
This hormone, released by the pituitary gland, stimulates the production of sperm in males and initiates ovulation in females.
What is luteinizing hormone (LH)?
This type of asexual reproduction involves the growth of a new organism from a part of the parent organism.
What is fragmentation (regeneration)?
In mitosis, this structure forms between dividing daughter cells to ensure each receives an equal set of chromosomes.
What is the mitotic spindle (or spindle fibers)?
This enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA strand during replication by adding complementary nucleotides.
What is DNA polymerase?
This process, occurring during meiosis I, contributes significantly to genetic variation by randomly sorting homologous chromosomes.
What is independent assortment?
This process, occurring in the ovaries, involves the maturation of an ovum (egg) and its release into the fallopian tube.
What is ovulation?
In this form of asexual reproduction seen in some plants, new individuals develop from specialised reproductive structures without fertilisation.
What is vegetative propagation?
This phase of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
What is meiosis I (reduction division)?
This component of a nucleotide makes up the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?
This process, occurring during sexual reproduction, involves the random fusion of gametes from two parents, increasing genetic diversity.
What is fertilisation?
This phase of the menstrual cycle is characterised by the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
What is menstruation?
In this type of reproduction, offspring arise from a single parent organism and are genetically identical to the parent.
What is cloning (or vegetative reproduction)?
This stage of mitosis immediately follows telophase and involves the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
The DNA molecule is typically organized into these tightly coiled structures inside the nucleus.
What are chromosomes?
This type of genetic pedigree pattern shows that affected individuals appear in every generation.
What is autosomal dominant inheritance?