MITOSIS
THE PURPOSE OF MITOSIS IS TO REBUILD AND REPAIR, THEREFORE NEW SKIN CELLS WILL BE FORMED.
THE PROCESS IN WHICH GENETICS ARE TURNED ON AND OFF IS CALLED GENE REGULATION. THIS CAN ALTER EITHER THE TYPE OF CELLS THAT THEY BECOME OR HOW...
GENES ARE EXPRESSED
GENE EXPRESSION
THE S PHASE STANDS FOR SYNTHESIS, WHAT IS HAPPENING TO THE DNA?
THE DNA IS BEING REPLICATED
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES,NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS?
NUCLEOTIDES MAKE UP NUCLEIC ACIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS MAKE UP AMINO ACIDS
AMINO ACIDS WILL MAKE A PROTEIN
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF MUTATIONS?
SEQUENCE AND CHROMOSOMAL
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MITOSIS?
INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE, CYTOKINESIS
WHAT CUASE GENETIC DIVERSITY/VARIATION?
CROSSING OVER
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
A DNA HAS THE SHAPE OF A DOUBLE HELIX, WHAT WOULD BE THE COMPLEMENRATY NUCLEOTODE BASES TO THE FOLLOWING STRAND.
A-
A-
C-
G-
T-
C-
A-T
A-T
C-G
G-C
T-A
C-G
WHAT IS A CODON?
A SERIES OF 3 LETTERS THAT WILL BE USED TO DETERMINE THE AMINO ACIDS
A SILENT MUTATION WILL HAVE NO AFFECT, A MISSENSE WILL CREATE A DIFFERENT AMINO ACID BUT THE NONSENSE WILL...
STOP THE PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS PREMATURELY
WHAT OCCURS DURING INTERPHASE?
G1-CELL GROWTH
S-DNA REPLICATES
G2-CELL GETS READY TO DIVIDE
WHAT IS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE IN PROPHASE I AND PROPHASE II?
PROPHASE I THERE IS CROSSING OVER WHILE IN PROPHASE II THAT NOONGER OCCURS
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE DNA STRAUCTURE?
BACKBONE IS MADE UP A PENTOSE SUGAR (DEOXIRIBOSE) BASE AND A PHOSPHATE MOLECULE
THEN THE COMPLEMENTARY NUCLEOTIDE BASES ARE BONDED BY A HYDROGEN BOND
WHY DOES THE ORDER OF NUCLEOTIDES MATTER?* *THINK IN TERMS OF PROTEINS
BECAUSE WHEN THEY ARE TRANSCRIBED TO mRNA IT WILL CHANGE THE CODON SEQUENCE WHICH WILL THEN PRODUCE A DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS
WHAT ARE THE MUTATIONS SHOWN?
ORIGINAL: CCGGACCAG
MUTATION 1: CGGACCAG
MUTATION 2:CCAGACCAG
MUTATION 3: CCGGAACCAG
MUTATION 1: DELETION
MUTATION 2: INSERTION
MUTATION 3: SUBSTITUION
IF A CHECKING POINT IS NOT WORKING WHAT ILLNESS CAN COME ABOUT, DUE TO THE OVERPRODUCTOIN OF CELLS?
CANCER
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAPLOID AND DIPLOID CELLS?
DIPLOD CELLS HAVE THE FULL 46 CHROMOSOMES
WHILE HAPLOID ONLY HAVE 23
WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN DNA REPLICATION?
DNA IS UNZIPPED BY A DNA HELICASE
TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING:
TAC GCA TTA ACA ACG
AUG CGU AAU UGU UGC
DESCRIBE HOW A MUTATION CAN BE GOOD BAD OR NEUTRAL?
ANSWERS WILL VARY.
NAME THE PHASE:
* IN THIS PHASE THE CELLS IS GETTING READY TO DIVIDE.
* IN THS PHASE THE CELL DIVISION HAS STOPPED BUT THE CELLS ARE STILL ATTACHED
* IN THIS PAHSE THE CELL IS DELETING ITS NUCLEAR ENVELOPE AND IS GETTING INTO POSITION
*IN THIS PHASE THE 2 CELLS ARE PULLED COMPLETELY APART AND THEY BECOME 2
* IN THIS PHASE THE CHROMOSOES LINE UP IN THE MIDDLE
* IN THIS PASE THE CHROMATIDS ARE BRING PULLED APART
INTERPHASE, TELOPHASE,PROPHASE, CYTOKINESIS,METAPHASE, ANAPHASE
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF THE WHOLE MEIOSIS PROCESS?
MEIOSIS I: INTERPHASE I, PROPHASE I, METAPHASE I, ANAPHASE I, TELOPHASE I, CYTOKINESIS I
MEIOSIS II: PROPHASE II, METAPHASE II,
ANAPHASE II, TELOPHASE II, CYTOKINESIS II
WHAT IS THE FINAL PRODUCT AFTER DNA REPLICATION?
TWO IDENTICAL DNA HELIXES, MADE UP OF ONE ORIGINAL AND ONE NEW STRAND
TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING:
CCG GCG AAT TTA AGC ATT
mRNA: GGC CGC UUA AAU UCG UAA
Amino Acids: GLYCINE-ARGININE-LEUCINE-ASPARAGINE-SERINE-STOP
NAME AND DESCRIBE AT LEAST 3 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS?