Theories of Public Management
This phenomenon refers to the finding that people change their behavior when they know they are being observed.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
This term describes the ability to recognize and manage your own emotions and those of others.
What is emotional intelligence (or EQ)?
This type of power is drawn from having special expertise that is needed or valued in an organization.
What is expert power?
This mode of thinking occurs when the desire for unanimity offsets a group's motivation to appraise alternative courses of action.
What is Groupthink?
This is the technical term for "body language."
What is kinesics?
While one theory views workers as lazy, this theory characterizes people as inherently worthwhile and capable of self-direction.
What is Theory Y?
Employees with this type of "locus of control" have less absenteeism and are more involved in work.
What is internal?
This type of power is based on the ability to punish or withhold rewards.
What is coercive power?
This type of team serves the purpose of breaking down barriers in hierarchical organizations that have a history of division of labor.
What is a cross-functional team?
This phenomenon describes the tendency of established structures and routines to resist change, even when change is necessary.
What is structural inertia?
This approach to decision-making involves making small, gradual changes rather than large, sweeping reforms.
What is incremental decision-making?
This component of emotional intelligence involves trustworthiness, adaptability, and a strong desire to achieve.
What is self-management?
Lukes calls this dimension of power the most "insidious."
What is the third dimension of power (or ideological power)?
In the RAPID decision-making model, the "I" stands for this.
What is Input?
This term refers to the use of space and distance between people.
What is proxemics?
This theory suggests that there is no single best way to organize or lead, and the optimal approach depends on the situation.
What is contingency theory?
This term refers to the highest category in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
What is self-actualization?
This occurs when managers use their authority to make decisions without consulting those affected by them.
What is unilateral (or autocratic) power?
According to the "garbage can model," organizations are viewed as having solutions looking for these.
What are problems?
In the creative process, this phase is largely unconscious.
What is incubation?
This theory, developed by Denhardt and Denhardt, emphasizes serving citizens rather than customers and values citizenship over entrepreneurship.
What is New Public Service?
This psychological state occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes simultaneously, creating mental discomfort.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This type of legitimate power is created by laws and constitutional processes, according to Max Weber.
What is legal-rational?
This term describes the perception held by one or more parties of incompatible goals, interference, or emotional strain.
What is conflict?
This tool is useful for evaluating a large number of interrelated forces (driving and restraining) and tracking their likely effects.
What is Force field analysis?