Basic Definitions
Offering money or benefits to influence a decision.
What is bribery?
Malaysia’s main anti-corruption agency.
What is the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission?
The Malaysian sovereign fund linked to a global scandal.
What is 1MDB?
The UN treaty against corruption adopted in 2003.
What is UNCAC? United Nations Convention against Corruption
Everyday small bribes paid to speed things up.
What is petty corruption?
Stealing money entrusted to you.
What is embezzlement?
The 2009 law that governs corruption offences in Malaysia.
What is the MACC Act?
2020 disaster in Lebanon widely linked to government negligence and corruption involving stored ammonium nitrate.
What is the Beirut Port Explosion?
Global organization that publishes the Corruption Perceptions Index each year.
What is Transparency International?
Detailed reporting that exposes wrongdoing.
What is investigative journalism / reporting?
Favoring family in hiring or contracts.
What is nepotism?
Protection for individuals who report wrongdoing.
What is the Whistleblower Protection Act?
2016 global leak of millions of documents exposing offshore tax havens used by politicians and elites.
What are the Panama Papers?
U.S. law that prohibits American companies from bribing foreign government officials to gain business.
What is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)?
Acting morally even when no one is watching.
What is integrity?
Abusing power for private gain.
What is corruption?
Malaysia’s national strategy launched in 2019 to strengthen integrity and reduce corruption across government institutions.
What is the National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP)?
2018 police investigation into match fixing and illegal betting in Spain.
What is Operation Oikos?
MY Government agency created in 1967 to fight corruption before MACC was established.
What is the Anti-Corruption Agency (BPR)?
The study of moral principles that guide human behavior and decision-making.
What is ethics?
A personal interest that interferes with professional duty.
What is a conflict of interest?
Malaysia’s anti-corruption agency is administratively placed under this department/office.
What is the Prime Minister’s Department/office?
The Malaysian political financing scandal involving alleged kickbacks from shipbuilding contracts.
What is the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) scandal?
Transparency International's global ranking measuring perceived levels of corruption.
What is the Corruption Perceptions Index?
Written guidelines for professional behavior. (most companies/schools have them in a handbook)
What is a code of conduct?