Chemical Reactions
Which term describes anything that has mass and takes up volume?
A. Matter
B. System
C. Model
D. Property
A. Matter
When you hit a drum and hear a sound, what is the initial action that creates the sound wave?
A) Light reflecting off the surface of the drum.
B) The drum skin vibrating back and forth quickly.
C) Heat moving from the drum sticks into the air.
D) Air being sucked into the drum to fill a vacuum.
B) The drum skin vibrating back and forth quickly.
What is natural selection?
A) A random process with no environmental influence
B) The process by which populations adapt to their environment
C) An immediate change in DNA
D) A human-directed breeding program
B) The process by which populations adapt to their environment
The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring is called _______?
A. Genetics
B. Offspring
C. Heredity
D. Life
C. Heredity
When you look at an apple sitting on a table in a bright room, which of the following best describes why you can see it?
A) Light travels from your eyes to the apple and bounces back.
B) Light from a source reflects off the apple and enters your eyes.
C) The apple is a light source that glows in the presence of air.
D) The apple absorbs all the light, creating a silhouette your brain interprets.
B) Light from a source reflects off the apple and enters your eyes.
Sugar can mix with and disappear into water because sugar is a material that can dissolve in water. Which term describes the sugar in this scenario?
A. Insoluble
B. React
C. Soluble
D. Solid
C. Soluble
Why can sound travel through a solid wall, but cannot travel through the vacuum of outer space?
A) Sound is too heavy to travel through a vacuum.
B) Space is too cold for sound to move.
C) Sound requires a medium (matter) to travel, and space has no particles to vibrate.
D) Walls act like mirrors and reflect the sound until it reaches the other side.
C) Sound requires a medium (matter) to travel, and space has no particles to vibrate.
What causes variation in a population?
A) Differences in traits such as color or size
B) Environmental destruction
C) Seasonal changes only
D) Identical genetics
A) Differences in traits such as color or size
What term refers to a physical structure that is passed from parent to offspring in egg and sperm cells and contains genetic information?
A) Gene
B) Protein
C) Nucleus
D) Chromosomes
D) Chromosomes
In the "One-Way Mirror" phenomenon, a piece of glass acts like a mirror to a person in a bright room but like a window to a person in a dark room. This happens because:
A) The glass is thicker on one side than the other.
B) The person in the dark room has pupils that have dilated to see through solid objects.
C) The light reflecting off the glass in the bright room is much stronger than the light transmitting from the dark room.
D) Light can only travel in one direction through specially treated glass.
C) The light reflecting off the glass in the bright room is much stronger than the light transmitting from the dark room.
Sand is added to water, but it settles at the bottom and does not break apart and mix completely. What term correctly describes the sand in water?
A. Soluble
B. Insoluble
C. Liquid
D. Dissolve
B. Insoluble
If a scientist observes that a sound source is vibrating more times per second than it was previously, which of the following must be true?
A) The sound has become louder.
B) The sound has become quieter.
C) The pitch of the sound has increased.
D) The pitch of the sound has decreased.
C) The pitch of the sound has increased.
What is selective pressure?
A) Random mutation
B) A human experiment
C) An environmental factor that determines which traits are advantageous
D) A seasonal event
C) An environmental factor that determines which traits are advantageous
When an egg cell and a sperm cell combine to develop into an offspring, what is this process called?
A) Asexual reproduction
B) Mutation
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Fertilization
C) Sexual reproduction
Why can you see your reflection in a smooth, polished silver tray but not in a piece of white crumpled paper, even though both are "light-colored"?
A) The paper absorbs all light, while the tray reflects it.
B) The tray reflects light at the same angle it hits (specular reflection), while the paper reflects light in many different directions (scattering).
C) The paper is transparent, allowing light to pass through to the table.
D) Silver contains "glow photons" that paper does not have.
B) The tray reflects light at the same angle it hits (specular reflection), while the paper reflects light in many different directions (scattering).
Which of these is made up of only one type of material throughout?
A. Substance
B. System
C. Model
D. Mixture
A. Substance
In a longitudinal sound wave traveling through air, what is occurring in the regions known as rarefactions?
A) Air particles are pushed together, creating a localized area of high pressure.
B) Air particles are spread further apart, creating a localized area of low pressure.
C) The air particles have moved permanently from the source to the listener's ear.
D) The air particles stop vibrating and remain completely still.
B) Air particles are spread further apart, creating a localized area of low pressure.
In directional selection, what happens to the population curve?
A) It splits into two peaks
B) It stays the same
C) It becomes random
D) It shifts toward one extreme
D) It shifts toward one extreme
An individual with two identical alleles for a specific gene has a genotype that is considered what?
A) Heterozygous
B) Homozygous
C) Mutate
D) Phenotypic
B) Homozygous
When light shines on a black surface, the surface usually gets warmer than a white surface would. This is because:
A) Black surfaces reflect more energy into the air.
B) The light energy is absorbed by the black surface and transformed into thermal energy.
C) White surfaces are naturally cold and cancel out the heat of the light.
D) Black surfaces "pull" light toward them using a magnetic-like force.
B) The light energy is absorbed by the black surface and transformed into thermal energy.
When water changes from a liquid to a solid (freezing) or from a liquid to a gas (boiling), this physical process is specifically known as a:
A. React
B. Dissolve
C. Property
D. Phase Change
D. Phase Change
When a sound travels from a speaker on one side of a room to a person on the other side, how does the matter (air) move?
A) The air particles near the speaker travel across the room until they enter the listener's ear.
B) The air particles move in a circular motion, carrying the energy with them.
C) The air particles vibrate back and forth in place, hitting neighboring particles to pass the energy along.
D) The air particles move in the opposite direction of the sound energy.
C) The air particles vibrate back and forth in place, hitting neighboring particles to pass the energy along.
In disruptive selection, which phenotypes are favored?
A) Both extremes
B) Only the intermediate
C) Only one extreme
D) The rarest trait only
A) Both extremes
What is a type of protein found in muscles that acts like a 'motor' by pulling on another protein to cause muscle movement?
A) Myosin
B) Actin
C) Protein
D) Allele
A) Myosin
If you shine a green light on a red apple in a completely dark room, what color will the apple most likely appear to be?
A) Green
B) Red
C) White
D) Black (or very dark brown)
D) Black (or very dark brown)