Renaissance
a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote
republic
Founder of the Anglican Church
King Henry VIII
State that was the cultural center of Italy
Florence
the first Protestant faith
Lutheranism
States were able to function independently because
Italy did not have a strong central government
Flemish painter who perfected the technique of oil painting
Jan van Eyck
founder of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola
local spoken language
vernacular
belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned
predestination
Venice became an important state because it served as a commercial link between
Asia and Western Europe
burgher
Martin Luther's attack on the abuses of the Catholic Church
the Ninety-five Theses
Intellectual movement based on the study of the literature of ancient Greece and Rome
humanism
release from all or part of the punishment for sin
indulgence
________________ was a good example of Renaissance Italy’s social ideal because he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, & mathematician
Leonardo da Vinci
Author of an influential treatise on political power
Niccolo Machiavelli
radical reformers who believed in complete separation of church and state
Anabaptists
Naples
decreed that Martin Luther was an outlaw in the Holy Roman Empire
Edict of Worms
In Renaissance Italy, most people lived in
large urban communities
fresco
reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs
Council of Trent
German printer who developed movable type
Johannes Gutenberg
a movement that combined classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church
Christian humanism
Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through
faith alone