Plato & Socrates
Plato was a student of this Philosopher
Socrates
Why is Euthyphro at the Court?
To sue his father for killing a servant
What are the three parts of the State in the Republic?
The Guardian Rulers, Guardian Warriors (or Auxiliaries), and Citizens
"the house is white" and "the house is not white" cannot both be true at the same time in the same way.
What principle or law is this?
The law of noncontradiction
Sentenced to death via Hemlock
What do Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of?
Piety
What is Justice in the State
Possessed by all / Permeates the whole state
When each order - tradesman, Auxiliary, Guardian - keeps to its own proper business in the commonwealth and does its own work, that is justice and what makes a just society.
Rational, Spirited, Appetitive
Plato founded this in Athens in 383 BC
The Academy
The Euthyphro is an example of what genre of philosophical writing?
Dialogue (or Platonic/Socratic Dialogue)
Possessed by the Guardian Rulers
a form of knowledge… which will enable [the Rulers] to take thought, not for some particular interest, but for the best possible conduct of the state as a whole
This part of the Soul is associated with the head, governs the rest of the soul through reason, and is associated with the Guardian Rulers
Nous/Rational Soul
What does "Plato" mean?
Broad-Shouldered
what is one horn of the Euthyphro Dilemma?
Is something good because the gods/God loves it,
or
do the gods/God love it because it is good?
What is Courage in the State
Possessed by the Guardian Warriors / Auxiliaries
“a power of constantly preserving, in accordance with our institutions, the right conviction about the things which ought, or ought not, to be feared.”
This part of the Soul is associated with the chest, is associated with Guardian Warriors/Auxiliaries, and helps the Nous rule the appetites
Thumos / Spirited Soul
What is Socrates' problem with Natural Philosopy?
Asks "How" but not "Why"
What is one horn of the Euthyphro Dilemma?
Is something good because the gods/God loves it,
or
do the gods/God love it because it is good?
What is Temperance in the State
Possessed by all/Permeates the whole state
unanimity or harmonious agreement between the naturally superior and inferior elements on the question which of the two should govern
This part of the Soul is associated with the belly, is associated with citizens and slaves, and is ruled by the Nous and Thumos
Epithumia/Appetitive Soul