ADDITION
I studied for the test. I ________ watched review videos online.
also
INFORMAL:
The battery was dead, ________ we couldn’t call for help.
so
Which of these does NOT indicate contrast?
But/However/Nevertheless/Nonetheless/Yet/Since/Still/While/Whereas
Since
___________ it was expensive, John still bought the watch.
Although / Even though
I didn’t go to the gym today, _____ I had a lot of homework to do.
(can't say because)
as, since
________ studying math, she’s learning chemistry at night school.
In addition to / Besides
FORMAL:
He didn’t set an alarm; ________, he overslept.
therefore, thus, hence
She’s usually very calm. Today, ________, she seems nervous.
however
___________ of the rain, we still went to the park.
In spite
I arrived late for the show, __________ the bad traffic.
(can't say because of)
due to
FORMAL:
This medication is safe. ________, it is highly effective in clinical trials.
(can't say besides)
Furthermore / Moreover
He studied diligently for the exam, ______ achieving a high score.
(can't use therefore, nor words with the letter "y")
thus
The restaurant has a good reputation, ___________ the food was terrible.
(can't say but, still)
Yet
__________ being close, they constantly had lengthy, heated arguments.
Despite / In spite of
Substitution/equivalence:
___________ pretending to understand, you should ask for help.
(can't use instead of)
Rather than
You can have __________________ tea __________________ coffee for breakfast.
either ... or
The company failed to comply with safety standards, ________ putting employees at risk.
(can't use thus, therefore)
thereby
The team haven't been playing too well. ___________, they are expected to win this afternoon.
(can't say however, still, yet)
Nevertheless / Nonetheless
She smiled ________ she was clearly upset.
although / even though
Condition:
You will go home earlier, __________ you finish your essay.
(can't say if, as long as)
provided
The weather was perfect. It was ________ too hot _____ too cold.
neither ... nor
VERY FORMAL:
The two samples differ in mass, and ________ must be treated separately
(can't and shouldn't use therefore)
hence
________ nearly every country in the world has it so that people drive on the right, in England they insist on driving on the left lane.
While / Whereas
VERY FORMAL:
_______________ her lack of experience, she was offered the job.
(can't say despite, in spite of)
Notwithstanding
Exclusively indicative of cause/reason:
The teacher was strict, ________ the students respected her.
(can't say since, as, because)
for / given that