The First Californians
How do scientists believe people first got to North America?
Scientists believe people traveled by boat from Asia or by foot.
True or False: There are 10 indian groups/tribes in California.
False: There are more than 100 different groups.
True or False: In the 1900s, European explorers began to explore the land of California.
False; Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his crew landed in what is now San Diego in 1542 (1500s)
True or False: California Indian groups do not keep their traditions alive because they are afraid of what will happen if they practice them.
False; Many traditions are kept alive and passed down through the stories, songs and dances that adults to teach to children.
What is a person who travels to learn more about other places?
Explorer
What does it mean to 'migrate'?
To move to a new area
In most indian groups, the men were responsible for:____________ and the women did most of the:____________.
Hunting; gathering
In the 1700s, Spain wanted to __________California so they built a presidio.
control
Give two examples of traditional art forms that are still created today by CA Indian groups.
Basket weaving, beaded jewelry, blankets
A ___________ was a settlement built by the Spanish around a church. The first European settlement on the West Coast of North America was a: ______________
Mission; presidio
What did people do once they reached North America?
People migrated across the land. Some went east, south and north.
For most CA Indian groups, the _____________was/is their biggest natural resource.
Pacific ocean
What did Spain want to do in California?
To convert the California Indians to the Christian faith. They built missions (settlements) near presidios.
True or False: Most California Indian history was never written down.
True; They were shared through spoken stories known as oral traditions - a way to pass down a group's history and beliefs from one generation to another.
Some Indians lived in permanent settlements, while others moved from place to place, called __________.
Nomads
A period of time in which their is a 'deep freeze' is called:
Ice Age
Why did some indian groups to migrate and identify as nomads?
The climate; food source availability; natural resources available
What were California Indians living at the missions required to do?
Work and practice Catholic religion, farm the land to support the mission, follow rules the Spanish made; Work for free
About _____________ American Indians live in California today.
400,000
Today, many people still ______________ to North America/USA in the hopes of a better life.
Migrate
What caused people to have the ability to walk from Asia to North America?
During the last ice age (30,000 years ago), water levels in the oceans were very low and uncovered a piece of land between Asia and North America.
Why were the majority of California Indian groups isolated from the other tribes?
Landforms (mountains, valleys, hills, etc), terrain, bodies of water
Why did many California Indians become sick during the time when missions were built?
Europeans brought new diseases to the region; the diseases were deadly and reduced the population from 300,00 to below 50,000.
How do California Indians keep their traditions alive?
Museums, special festivals, oral traditions/story telling, art, songs and dances
California Indians that lived in more permanent settlements acquired food and resources for shelter by:___________________
Using bows and arrows to hunt, made homes out of tree bark, branches and grass, gathered seeds, nuts and plants for food,