Definitions 1
What is a Black-or-white Fallacy?
You presented two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist.
What is the appeal-to-nature fallacy?
You argued that because something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal.
This baby seal suffocated in the recent oil spill. We have to convert to cleaner energy to save the wildlife.
Sentimental Appeal (appeal-to-emotion fallacy)
All the cool people are buying hydroflasks, so we should, too.
Bandwagon
My local car salesman sold me a broken car. All car salesmen are dishonest, tricky people.
Hasty Generalization
What is the Texas-sharpshooter (Cherrypicking) fallacy?
You cherry-picked a data cluster to suit your argument, or found a pattern to fit a presumption.
What is the appeal-to-authority fallacy?
You said that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true.
Half the football team was late for practice last week. That's why they lost the championship game.
False Cause
We can't legalize medical marijuana because people will think it's a safe drug. Then people will start taking it for fun, and then they will want stronger drugs. Soon everyone will be under the influence of some drug. Therefore, we can't legalize medical marijuana.
Slippery Slope
Everyone is boycotting Starbucks because the company doesn't support the military, so I won't buy Starbucks coffee anymore.
Bandwagon
What is an appeal-to-emotion fallacy?
You attempted to manipulate an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument.
What is the strawman fallacy?
You misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
You can either come to the party with me or you can be antisocial.
Either/Or (black-or-white)
Either you donate your old clothes to Good Will or you contribute to climate change and kill the planet.
Either/Or (black-or-white)
If students use social media, they will become addicted to it. Then they will become unmotivated and not succeed in school. Therefore, we can't let students use social media.
Slippery Slope
DOUBLE JEOPARDY:
Why are loaded questions the least-problematic fallacy?---
I MEAN, what is a loaded question?
You asked a question that had a presumption built into it so that it couldn't be answered without appearing guilty.
What is an ad-hominem fallacy?
When you attack the personality traits or unrelated personal history of an opponent instead of their argument.
Dr. Jones supports the new prescription for migraines and wants to fund the research. However, he majored in theater before becoming a doctor, so he isn't qualified to recommend medicines.
Ad hominem
Mr. Smith wants to increase funding for athletics in elementary schools. Parents are upset that he wants to limit students' creativity by destroying music and art programs.
Strawman
Clara is running to be class president, but her older sister was arrested for shoplifting, so we can't trust her.
Ad hominem
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
What is the gambler's fallacy?You said that 'runs' occur to statistically independent phenomena such as roulette wheel spins. AKA, believing that statistically-independent situations are connected, or "you can only be wrong so many times in a row before you MUST be right."
What is a composition/division (hasty generalization) fallacy?
You assumed that one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it; or that the whole must apply to its parts.
TRIPLE JEOPARDY!
Sales on energy drinks increased 50% this summer. The increased sales of energy drinks led to people not getting enough sleep. This lack of sleep led to more car accidents. Energy drink sales, therefore, caused these accidents.
False Cause
Mayor Green raised taxes in our town and then used the revenue to improve his own land. All politicians are greedy.
Hasty Generalization
The government wants to increase background checks to buy guns. We must fight to keep our guns and protect ourselves. We cannot let them take our guns away!
Strawman