Basics
What is a fluid?
A substance that can flow (liquid or gas)
What type of fluid do hydraulic systems use?
Liquid
What type of fluid do pneumatic systems use?
Gas (usually air)
What type of system is used in car brakes?
Hydraulic
What are the three parts of a system?
Input/Process/Output
What are the two types of fluids?
Liquids and gases
Are liquids compressible or incompressible?
Incompressible
Are gasses more compressible than liquids?
Yes
What type of system is used in a bike pump?
Pneumatic
What is "input"?
The force or energy put into a system
Which type of fluid is easily compressed?
Gas
Why are hydraulic systems powerful?
Because liquids don't compress, so force is transferred efficiently
Why are pneumatic systems less powerful than hydraulic systems?
Because gases compress
What system does an excavator use?
Hydraulic
What is "output"?
The result or movement produced
Which type of fluid is NOT easily compressed?
Liquid
Why is oil commonly used in hydraulic systems instead of water?
Oil is more of a lubricant than water, allowing for the parts to slide much easier. It also doesn't cause rust as easily.
Name one advantage of pneumatic systems
Fast/clean/safe
Name a tool that uses pneumatic
Nail gun/air drill/impact wrench/jackhammer
What happens during the "process" stage?
The system transfers or changes the energy/force
Why does compressibility matter in systems?
It affects how force and movement are transferred
Name one advantage AND one disadvantage of hydraulics
Advantage: very strong, reliable
Disadvantage: leaks can be messy, maintenance needed
When would you choose pneumatics over hydraulics?
When speed, cleanliness, or safety is more important than strength
Why are hydraulics used in heavy machinery?
They provide strong force for lifting heavy loads
Give an example of input, process, and output in a hydraulic system
Example:
Input: pushing a pedal
Process: fluid transfers force
Output: brakes stop the car