Pre5
Green pigment that absorbs solar energy.
Chlorophyll
The process that releases energy from glucose.
Cellular respiration
Gas taken in during photosynthesis.
CO₂
This equation summarizes photosynthesis.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Total ATP yield from one glucose molecule.
36 ATP
First molecule is broken down during cellular respiration.
Glucose
Organelle(s)/structure(s) that exists in plant cells but not animal cells
Chloroplasts and the Cell wall
The stack of thylakoids where light-dependent reactions occur
Granum/Grana
Process that provides the electrons for PSII
Photolysis (the splitting of water molecules)
Where the light-independent reactions take place
The stroma of the chloroplast.
Number of NADH molecules produced per turn of the Krebs cycle.
3 NADH
Where does the ETC of aerobic cellular respiration take place?
The inner mitochondrial membrane.
When a molecule gains an electron it is reduced, this process is called _____________.
Reduction
What ATP stands for
Adenosine triphosphate
Using energy from the ETC to create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient that will combine ADP and a phosphate
Chemiosmosis
What happens to electrons when they absorb light energy.
They become excited.
Where pyruvate is converted into Aceytl-CoA prior to entering the Kreb’s Cycle
Mitochondrial matrix
What are the net products of glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
The cell’s ability to allow some substances through but not others.
Selectively/semi-permeable
Pathway that builds larger molecules and requires energy.
Anabolic pathway
Molecules from light dependent reactions used for the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
Number of ATP that are consumed during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis for every carbon dioxide molecule.
These two processes occur within the cytoplasm of the cell.
Glycolysis and Fermentation
Stage that occurs in the mitochondria and releases electrons
Krebs cycle
Part of the phospholipid that is hydrophilic.
Head
Compare the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts store energy, mitochondria release it
Clusters of pigments within the thylakoid membranes
Photosystems
The compound that is cycled into the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in order to regenerate RuBP
Why muscle cells use fermentation during intense exercise
Limited oxygens stores
Conversion of pyruvate, in a two step process that releases CO₂ in the first, and oxidizes NADH in the second, and produces _____________.
Ethanol
Follows concentration gradient, assisted by channel or carrier proteins; no energy from the cell is required
Facilitated Diffusion
The reason cells cannot use sunlight directly for energy
It must be converted into chemical energy to power biological functions
Channel protein that helps bond ADP and a phosphate.
ATP synthase
Bonding of RuBP and CO2 in the Calvin Benson Cycle
Carbon Fixation
What are the reducing powers created in the Kreb’s cycle?
NADH and FADH2
In aerobic cellular respiration, in what two steps is carbon dioxide released?
Kreb’s PREP and Kreb’s Cycle.
Explain how diffusion helps maintain equilibrium in cells.
Molecules/particles move until concentrations are balanced between the inner cellular space and the external environment
Explain why photosynthesis and cellular respiration are considered complementary processes.
They each uses the other’s products
Predict the effect of removing CO₂ from the environment
Photosynthesis would stop producing glucose, plant growth would stop immediately, causing them to starve to death and eventually causing a global collapse of ecosystems.
Part of photosynthesis that uptakes carbon dioxide.
Light-independent reactions; Calvin Benson cycle
For one molecule of glucose, what are the products of the Kreb’s Cycle (excluding Kreb’s PREP)?
4 carbon dioxide
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
How many ATP does anaerobic cellular respiration produce? And what process produces these?
2 ATP from glycolysis