prokaryote vs eukaryote
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it is the primary site of cellular respiration and ATP production?
The mitochondrion
Which type of cell transport requires the cell to use energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration)?
Active transport
Which type of cell transport requires the cell to use energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration)?
Active transport
Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the global carbon cycle?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration, and vice versa, creating a cycle.
Which of the following structures is found in nearly all prokaryotic cells but is typically absent in most eukaryotic animal cells?
A cell wall (Eukaryotic plants have cell walls, but animals generally do not, while most prokaryotes do).
Which organelle is correctly matched with its primary function?
Mitochondrion: Produces ATP through cellular respiration.
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration is called what?
Correct Answer:
In a U-shaped tube separated by a selectively permeable membrane, side A has a 2% salt solution. In which direction will the water molecules predominantly move?
From Side B to Side A (Water moves to the area of higher solute concentration/lower water potential).
In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily occur in eukaryotic cells, converting glucose into usable energy (ATP)?
The mitochondrion (mitochondria).
What is the primary difference in genetic material organization between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic DNA is located in the cytoplasm
In a eukaryotic cell, where are proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes sorted, modified, and packaged for transport outside the cell?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex/body).
Red blood cells are placed into a solution. The cells swell up and burst (lyse). What type of solution were the cells placed in relative to the cell's interior?
A hypotonic solution (meaning the surrounding solution had a lower solute concentration and higher water concentration than the cell's interior).
A plant cell is placed into a hypertonic solution. What will physically happen to the plant cell as a result of osmosis?
The cell membrane will shrink and pull away from the cell wall (a process called plasmolysis), causing the cell to become flaccid or wilted.
What are the three essential reactants (inputs) required for a plant to perform photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)water(H2O) and light energy
Which list below contains features that are exclusive to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells?
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and a Golgi apparatus (Eukaryotes possess complex, membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes lack these).
A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and identifies a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Is this cell likely a plant cell, an animal cell, or a prokaryotic cell?
A plant cell.
Which two methods are categorized as passive transport mechanisms that do not require the cell to expend metabolic energy (ATP)?
Diffusion and facilitated diffusion (or osmosis).
Osmosis is a specific type of which general transport process?
Diffusion (specifically, the diffusion of water).
The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is C6H12+602=6CO2+6H2O+ATP Which molecule in this equation is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen (o2)
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells perform protein synthesis. What is the fundamental structure responsible for this process that both cell types share?
Ribosomes (Both types have ribosomes, though the ribosomes themselves differ slightly in size).
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials, worn-out cell parts, and ingested viruses or bacteria, acting as the cell's "recycling center"?
Lysosome.
A cell needs to import a large bacterium to destroy it. What process, which involves engulfing the particle by folding the cell membrane inward, would the cell use?
Phagocytosis (a form of endocytosis)
What term describes an animal cell that has been placed in a solution that has the exact same concentration of solutes as the cell's cytoplasm, resulting in no net movement of water?
Isotonic solution.
(like plants) produce their own food through photosynthesis. How do heterotrophs (like humans and animals) obtain the glucose necessary to fuel cellular respiration?
By consuming other organisms (plants or animals that ate plants)