Sumerians
What are the two main rivers in the Fertile Crescent?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What were Phoenician's most well known for having?
Purple dye
Who was the king of Babylon and some of his accomplishments?
Hammurabi
Hammurabi conquered many of the neighboring cities and even his own allies to amass great wealth and resources.
Hammurabi formed a large and rich empire
Who was the king of the Assyrians and what was he like?
King Ashurbanipal was a successful and ruthless Assyrian ruler.
Who was the king of the Chaldeans and what is he famously known for building?
King Nebuchadnezzer; the Hanging Gardens
Who was Gilgamesh and what is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
King of a great Sumerian dynasty at Uruk
Great building projects (public works), including innovations with the controlling Flooding
The Epic is the earliest surviving great work of literature
Roughly 2000 BCE
What type of alphabet did the Phoenician's have?
The Phoenician's created their own alphabet with similarities to the Greek alphabet.
What was Hammurabi's Code?
Hammurabi’s laws established high standards of behavior and stern punishments for violators.
What were the Assyrians self-protection methods?
The Assyrians decided that the best defense they had was to attack other countries first, before they could attack them
They also depended on Walls like other civilizations before them
How did the Chaldeans protect their city?
They built massive walls around the city
Who were the Sumerians and why were they able to succeed in the Fertile Crescent?
The earliest known settled civilization in Mesopotamia from 5000 BCE- 2000 BCE
They were able to succeed because of irrigation
Who was the leader of the Akkadian Empire and what did he do?
Sargon of Akkad
great military leader of Akkadians, conquered Uruk and the Sumerians
Controlled and taxed trade routes
Who conquered the Babylonians?
The Assyrians
What were the Assyrian's war methods?
Geniuses at waging war.
Used catapults and battering rams to conquer walled cities easily
What was Babylon a center of and what innovations where created?
Babylon was a center of learning
Chaldean astronomers charted stars and measured the correct length of the year.
Chaldean farmers raised bees for their honey.
Many people came to Babylon to share ideas and discoveries.
What was Sumerian religion like and what were their religious structures called?
They were polytheistic and had anthropomorphic gods such as Enki
They built ziggurats which were temples and considered "mountains of the gods'
What was Phoenicia's mightiest colony?
Carthage
What were some pros of Babylons location?
Babylon’s location made it a good place for trade. Groups of travelers, called caravans, traveled back and forth.
Who conquered the Assyrians?
The Chaldeans/Neo-Babylonians
Who conquered the 2nd Babylonian Empire and what did they do to the city of Babylon?
The Persians conquered the Chaldeans under Cyrus, but Babylon was left intact.
What were some Sumerian inventions?
Cuneiform, wheel, plow, sail, early number system with base 60 = 60 seconds / 60 minutes, and cities with walls
What was the Akkadian empire and what led to its downfall?
2300 - 2100 BCE
This Empire united Akkadian speaking people with Sumerian speaking people under one rule
Capital City at Akkad
Chronic Rebellion destroyed the Empire