Spaced Out: Spatial Encoding
Where all the data from the MR signal is stored
What is k-space?
This sequence, used for T2 Weighting in the abdomen, combines different k-space filling methods with turbo spin echo.
What is HASTE?
This pulse sequence family always begins with a
90-then 180 RF pulse
What is spin echo?
Dark blood or black blood imaging is produced by this sequence.
What is spin echo?
Lay still!!! Motion artifacts will appear as ghosting in this direction.
What is the phase encoding direction?
This process converts the MR signal from the time domain to the frequency domain
What is FFT Fast Fourier Transform?
Fast gradient echo sequence used for T1 weighted images in the abdomen
What is VIBE or LAVA?
Turn to this pulse sequence if you have poor fat suppression.
What is STIR?
In bright blood imaging, slow or no flow appears _____.
What is dark?
This molecule is known as a self-shielded.
What is fat?
The MR signal undergoes Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) in a process called sampling. This theorem tells us how often we need to sample.
What is Nyquist?
This balanced sequence used in Cardiac imaging gives a bright blood appearance
What is TrueFISP?
To get T1 weighting in a gradient echo sequence, adjust these parameters.
What is TR and flip angle?
This flow compensation technique uses gradients to minimize intra-voxel dephasing.
What is gradient moment nulling (GMN or GMR)?
This artifact will produce light and dark bands on opposite sides of a structure in this direction
What is chemical shift and frequency?
In logical notation, this gradient is responsible for phase encoding.
What is the Y gradient?
T1 weighted gradient echo sequence
What is FLASH or SPGR?
In the steady state, this is produced as a result of transverse magnetization being rephased by RF pulses
What is a stimulated echo?
This metabolite appears as a doublet and be inverted at certain TE values
What is lactate?
Depending on the scanner you are on, remedying this artifact may come with a time penalty.
What is phase wrap?
Reducing the receiver bandwidth has this effect on TE.
What is increase the minimum TE?
Endogeneous perfusion imaging
What is ASL?
Arterial Spin Labeling
Consult your family tree.. the gradient echo family is divided into these groups based on how the sequence uses components of the MR signal.
What is spoiled/incoherent, rewound/coherent, and SSFP?
This type of hemoglobin is paramagnetic.
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
This artifact is seen as banding at the interface of high and low signal and is remedied by increasing the phase matrix.
What is truncation/Gibbs?