In a DNA molecule, this nitrogenous base always pairs with adenine.
What is thymine?
100
This is the name of the process by which DNA makes copies of itself for dividing cells.
What is replication?
100
In the first part of protein synthesis (transcription), DNA's important message is copied onto a separate molecule of this.
What is RNA?
100
This is the general name for a change in the nucleotide sequences in DNA that may impact genetic information and sometimes results in malformed proteins.
What is a mutation?
100
When RNA takes its message out into the cytoplasm in the final steps of protein synthesis, its message is translated and used by this organelle to put together amino acids in a chain to form a protein.
What is the ribosome?
200
This is the monomer of nucleic acid that is made up of a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
200
DNA replication uses the base-pairing pattern to build new strands of DNA using parts of old halves of DNA. These are the bases in DNA always go together.
What is A with T (adenine with thymine) and G with C (guanine with cytosine)?
200
This is the location in the cell where RNA transcribes or "picks up" DNA's message.
What is the nucleus?
200
This type of mutation describes the loss of one part of a gene (maybe just one base) or the loss of part of a chromosome.
What is a deletion?
200
This type of macromolecule contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; nucleotides are the monomer of this type of biomolecule.
What is nucleic acid?
300
This is the base sequence of the DNA strand that is complimentary to TTA GTC.
What is AAT CAG?
300
If one of the old template strands of DNA being copied contains the sequence ATT CAA, this is the order of bases on the nucleotides that would be added to the new complimentary strand.
What is TAA GTT?
300
This is the name of the three RNA nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
300
This is the type of gene mutation in which one base in DNA is replaced with another.
What is a substitution?
300
This is the name of the base that is found in RNA but not DNA.
What is uracil?
400
This is the number of weak hydrogen bonds that connect cytosine and guanine in a molecule of DNA.
What is three?
400
This is the name of the enzyme that begins the process of DNA replication by breaking the bonds between base pairs, thereby "unzipping" the two sides of the molecule.
What is DNA helicase (or just "helicase")?
400
This is the amino acid sequence that the following mRNA sequence codes for: AUG CAU GAA
What is Met-His-Glu?
400
This is the name of the type of mutation that results from having a segment of genetic information repeated.
What is a duplication?
400
This is the name of the molecule that is best described as a single strand of nucleotides.
What is RNA?
500
This is the name of the specific sugar that makes up part of DNA's structural backbone along with alternating phosphate groups.
What is deoxyribose?
500
Since DNA replication is "semi-conservative" (meaning some parts are saved and reused), each new DNA molecule is made up of what percent old DNA?
What is 50%
500
This is the name of the second part of the protein synthesis process, where RNA's message is decoded to create a protein.
What is translation?
500
This is the mistake that can occur as a result of DNA not having separated properly during meioisis, where a cell can end up with an extra copy of a chromosome.
What is nondisjunction?
500
Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disorder that is caused by a DNA mutation that changes one base for another; therefore sickle-cell disease is caused by this type of mutation.